Fast increases in urban sewage inputs to rivers of Indonesia

Suwarno, Djoko; Löhr, Ansje; Kroeze, Carolien; Widianarko, Budi

doi:10.1007/s10668-014-9514-0

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Our analysis indicates that future DON and DIP loads may increase due to the fastgrowing inputs from sewage. Because point sources may be underestimated by Global NEWS (Suwarno et al 2014a), DIP and DON future trends may capture the effect of increasing urbanization but underestimate the increase in loads.…”

Section: Nutrient Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We learn from this comparison that we may be missing sources of nutrients, including point sources from human and animal waste (e.g. Suwarno et al 2014a;Suwarno et al 2014b) and aquaculture (Liu et al 2009), although this may be a relatively small source for the Bay of Bengal (Sattar et al 2014), and atmospheric N deposition on sea (close to urban industrial areas). In order to partly address these shortcomings, we have chosen an internally consistent scenario analysis based on the Global Orchestration narrative.…”

Section: Comparisons With Other Studies and Uncertaintiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the exact amount may vary, depending on sensitivity of parameters and improvements to the model. Suwarno et al (2014a, b) concluded that improving damming modeling by adding local data on dams and adding fish cultivation resulted in overall lower export of DIN and DIP for rivers in Indonesia. However, when including improved parameterization of sewage, all nutrient loads were higher.…”

Section: Comparisons With Other Studies and Uncertaintiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling sources of nutrients in rivers draining into the Bay of Bengal—a scenario analysis

et al. 2017

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We model future trends in river export of nutrients to the Bay of Bengal, and the sources of this pollution. We focus on total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and dissolved silica (DSi) inputs to the Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem (BOB LME) in the years 2000, 2030, and 2050. In 2000, rivers exported 7.1 Tg N and 1.5 Tg P to the BOB LME. Three rivers (Ganges, Godavari, Irrawaddy) account for 75-80% of the total river export of N and P. For 2050, we calculate an increase in river export of N to 8.6 Tg, while P export stabilizes at the 2000 level. Future trends are the net effect of increasing river export of dissolved N (by 40%) and P (by 80%), and decreasing river export of particulate N and P. The increases in dissolved N and P loads are associated primarily with increased N and P losses from agriculture and sewage systems. The decreasing export of particulate N and P is associated with damming of rivers and increased human water consumption. There are large differences in nutrient export among rivers. Rivers draining into the western BOB LME generally export more N and P than eastern BOB LME rivers. Most N and P in western BOB LME rivers are from anthropogenic sources. Future increases in dissolved inorganic N and P (DIN and DIP) export can be large for individual rivers: up to more than a factor of five for DIP and more than a doubling for DIN. The calculated nutrient export ratios (N and P relative to DSi) indicate an increasing risk for blooms of non-siliceous algal species, which can potentially produce toxins and otherwise disrupt coastal ecosystems. Our results indicate that basin-specific management may be the most effective approach towards reducing the risk of coastal eutrophication in the BOB LME.

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Section: Nutrient Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparisons With Other Studies and Uncertaintiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparisons With Other Studies and Uncertaintiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling sources of nutrients in rivers draining into the Bay of Bengal—a scenario analysis

et al. 2017

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“…Global NEWS-2 is a spatially explicit model that has been applied to analyze nutrient-related problems worldwide Suwarno et al 2013;Suwarno et al 2014a;Suwarno et al 2014b;Thieu et al 2010; Van der Struijk & Kroeze 2010;Yasin et al 2010;Zinia & Kroeze 2015) including China (Qu & Kroeze 2010;Qu & Kroeze 2012;). …”

Section: Model Description and Inputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It quantifies past (1970,2000) and future (2030,2050) trends in river export of nutrients and their sources (e.g., agriculture, sewage). The model has been applied at the global scale ) and at regional scales such as the Black Sea ), the Bay of Bengal Zinia & Kroeze 2015), Indonesia (Suwarno et al 2013;Suwarno et al 2014a), Africa (Yasin et al 2010). The model was applied to the Chinese rivers including the Pearl River ( So far, sub-basin studies do not exist for the entire Pearl basin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

River export of nutrients to the coastal waters of China: the MARINA model to assess sources, effects and solutions

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Increasing dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus export by the Pearl River (Zhujiang): a modeling approach at the sub-basin scale to assess effective nutrient management

et al. 2015

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The Pearl River (Zhujiang in Chinese) has been exporting excess of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), causing eutrophication in the coastal waters of southern China for decades. However, sources of these nutrients and their locations are not well studied for the Pearl River basin. As a consequence, it is difficult to formulate effective management options to reduce these nutrients in the river and to prevent further eutrophication. We developed a sub-basin model based onto the Global NEWS-2 (Nutrient Export from WaterSheds) model for the period of 1970-2050 to analyze trends in dissolved inorganic N and P (DIN and DIP) and to identify the main sources of these nutrients and their locations. We validated our model by comparing modeled nutrient fluxes with observed. Future analyses are based on Millennium Ecosystem Assessment scenario that assumes a globalized world with a reactive environmental management. DIN and DIP inputs to the coastal waters are calculated to increase by a factor of 2-2.5 between 1970 and 2050. Over two-thirds of the DIN and DIP inputs to the coastal waters stem from two down-stream basins (Zhujiang delta and Dongjiang), where agriculture and sewage are important drivers of this increase. Agriculture accounts for over 40 % of DIN inputs to coastal waters. Sewage and agriculture account for over 90 % of DIP inputs. Thus nutrient management in agriculture and sewage in down-stream areas is more effective in reducing coastal eutrophication than nutrient management in up-and middle-stream areas of the Pearl River basin.

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Fast increases in urban sewage inputs to rivers of Indonesia

Cited by 23 publications

References 37 publications

Modeling sources of nutrients in rivers draining into the Bay of Bengal—a scenario analysis

Modeling sources of nutrients in rivers draining into the Bay of Bengal—a scenario analysis

River export of nutrients to the coastal waters of China: the MARINA model to assess sources, effects and solutions

Increasing dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus export by the Pearl River (Zhujiang): a modeling approach at the sub-basin scale to assess effective nutrient management

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