“…In the last two decades, artificial intelligence (AI) techniques such as evolutionary algorithms (EAs), support vector machine, fuzzy logic and neural networks have played an important role in data hiding [25,71,72,83,95,94,99,105,116,121] for improving the performance. Under the category of evolutionary algorithms, genetic algorithm (GA) [7,23,25,47,71,72,81], particle swarm optimization (PSO) [53,85,94,99,108], differential evolution (DE) [4,6,2,8,52], Firefly algorithm [76], and artificial bee colony (ABC) [5] have made numerous valuable contributions to the field of data hiding. An image watermarking technique which uses a GA to find the optimal scaling factors for watermark insertion is designed by Lai [47].…”