Visible light is emitted from roughened metal-oxide-metal tunnel junctions subjected to a small (2 -4 V) dc bias. The colour of the emitted light is voltage tunable but device quantum efficiency is generally very low (105 -107). The optical emission is due to the roughness induced scattering of electronically excited surface plasmon polaritons. The characteristics of the surface roughness are clearly important in determining the overall device efficiency and spectral output. With a view to better understanding and improving the efficiency we have examined the surface topography of variously roughened devices and relate this to the optical output. For example, we have roughened devices by means of holographic crossed diffraction grating substrates which possess surface topography of greater rms roughness height and larger transverse correlation length than that of devices roughened by a pre-deposited CaF2 layer. Devices roughened by means of a particulate aluminium substrate are also discussed.