Fast pyrolysis with fractional condensation of lignin-rich digested stillage from second-generation bioethanol production

Priharto, Neil; Ronsse, Frederik; Yıldız, Güray; Heeres, Hero J.; Deuss, Peter J.; Prins, Wolter

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2019.104756

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…5% total mass flow) of the nitrogen flow was fed from the top of the reactor to purge the top of the reactor and thus prevent vapors from accumulating and condensing on the top reactor walls. The LRDS was placed in a nitrogen-purged vibration-assisted lock hopper (3) and then fed into the feeding screw (2). Approximately 10 g of the LRDS was fed intermittently every 10 min to achieve a biomass feeding rate of ca.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Previous work indicated that LRDS could be pyrolyzed successfully (because of the presence of residual carbohydrates) with staged condensation to produce separate heavy and aqueous pyrolysis liquids, in addition to biochar and noncondensable gases (NCGs). 2 One of the anticipated drawbacks in fast pyrolysis of LRDS is the chemical instability of the produced pyrolysis liquids because of the presence of reactive aldehydes and phenolics that can undergo repolymerization. 7−9 The heavy phase of pyrolysis liquid also contains a large amount of high-molecularweight compounds, in the form of dimers, trimers, and oligomeric phenols, 7,10 making the heavy pyrolysis liquid a waxy, highly viscous phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 However, problems related to low pyrolysis liquid yields and unfavorable liquid composition (high O content) remain. 2 During catalytic VPU, pyrolysis vapors are swept over a catalyst bed at an elevated temperature of ca. 500 °C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ex Situ Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Lignin-Rich Digested Stillage over Na/ZSM-5, H/ZSM-5, and Fe/ZSM-5

et al. 2020

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The global increase in lignocellulosic ethanol production goes in tandem with an increase in lignin-rich stillage that remains underutilized to date. Anaerobic digestion could valorize residual (biodegradable) organic fractions into biogas, leaving a lignin-rich digested stillage (LRDS). This LRDS from the lignocellulosic ethanol production has been assessed as a feedstock for slow and fast pyrolysis in earlier studies, with the intention to increase the overall output of useful products or energy carriers from the starting material. While using this lignin-rich feedstock, ex situ catalytic vapor-phase upgrading (VPU) of fast pyrolysis vapors with fractional condensation was conducted over Na/ZSM-5, H/ZSM-5, and Fe/ZSM-5 catalysts. Semicontinuous fast pyrolysis experiments have been carried out at a reaction temperature of 480°C in a mechanically stirred sand bed, which was connected directly to a fixed bed of catalyst particles for ex situ upgrading of the fast pyrolysis vapors. The carbon and mass yields in heavy phase liquids decreased after catalytic VPU (mass: ca. 8−11 wt %; carbon: ca. 11−15 wt %), compared to noncatalytic pyrolysis (mass: ca. 18 wt %; carbon: ca. 23 wt %). However, the yield in specific compounds, that is, alkylphenols and aromatics such as BTX, increased much upon catalytic VPU (especially for Fe/ZSM-5). For Fe/ZSM-5, the concentration in alkylphenols and aromatics was 20.8 wt % on liquid basis and the yield was 1.7 wt % on as-received (a.r.) feedstock basis. For noncatalytic pyrolysis, the concentration in alkylphenols and aromatics was 2.1 wt % (liquid basis) with a yield of 0.4 wt % (a.r. feedstock basis). This study thus demonstrates the potential of (modified) catalysts to upgrade lignin pyrolysis vapors.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ex Situ Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Lignin-Rich Digested Stillage over Na/ZSM-5, H/ZSM-5, and Fe/ZSM-5

et al. 2020

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“…The operating conditions are as follows temperature (medium-high (700 -1000 °C), shortest residence time and fastest heating rate. Yields of outputs are: (1) liquid condensate (10 -20%), ( 2) gases (60 -80%) and ( 3) char (10 -15%) (Priharto et al 2020).…”

Section: Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of biomass to biofuels and life cycle assessment: a review

et al. 2021

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The global energy demand is projected to rise by almost 28% by 2040 compared to current levels. Biomass is a promising energy source for producing either solid or liquid fuels. Biofuels are alternatives to fossil fuels to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Nonetheless, policy decisions for biofuels should be based on evidence that biofuels are produced in a sustainable manner. To this end, life cycle assessment (LCA) provides information on environmental impacts associated with biofuel production chains. Here, we review advances in biomass conversion to biofuels and their environmental impact by life cycle assessment. Processes are gasification, combustion, pyrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis routes and fermentation. Thermochemical processes are classified into low temperature, below 300 °C, and high temperature, higher than 300 °C, i.e. gasification, combustion and pyrolysis. Pyrolysis is promising because it operates at a relatively lower temperature of up to 500 °C, compared to gasification, which operates at 800–1300 °C. We focus on 1) the drawbacks and advantages of the thermochemical and biochemical conversion routes of biomass into various fuels and the possibility of integrating these routes for better process efficiency; 2) methodological approaches and key findings from 40 LCA studies on biomass to biofuel conversion pathways published from 2019 to 2021; and 3) bibliometric trends and knowledge gaps in biomass conversion into biofuels using thermochemical and biochemical routes. The integration of hydrothermal and biochemical routes is promising for the circular economy.

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“…It is predominantly composed of the polysaccharide cellulose, a class of polysaccharides called hemicelluloses, and the aromatic polymer, lignin ( Marriot et al, 2016 ). These polymers can then be converted via chemical or biological routes into fuels and other valuable chemicals that are conventionally derived from fossil resources ( van Putten et al, 2013 ; Li and Takkellapati, 2018 ; Baral et al, 2019 ; Genuino et al, 2019 ; Priharto et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance as a Tool to Probe the Impact of Mechanical Preprocessing on the Structure and Arrangement of Plant Cell Wall Polymers

et al. 2022

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Efficient separation of the plant cell wall polymers during lignocellulose processing has been historically challenging due to insolubility of the polymers and their propensity for recalcitrant reassembly. Methods, such as “lignin first” extraction techniques, have advanced efficient biomass use, but the molecular mechanisms for recalcitrance remain enigmatic. Here, we discuss how solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) approaches report on the 3D organization of cellulose, xylan, and lignin in the plant cell wall. Recent results illustrate that the organization of these polymers varies across biomass sources and sample preparation methods, with even minimal physical processing causing significant effects. These structural differences contribute to variable extraction efficiencies for bioproducts after downstream processing. We propose that solid-state NMR methods can be applied to follow biomass processing, providing an understanding of the polymer rearrangements that can lead to poor yields for the desired bioproducts. The utility of the technique is illustrated for mechanical processing using lab-scale vibratory ball milling of Sorghum bicolor.

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Fast pyrolysis with fractional condensation of lignin-rich digested stillage from second-generation bioethanol production

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Cited by 29 publications

References 41 publications

Ex Situ Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Lignin-Rich Digested Stillage over Na/ZSM-5, H/ZSM-5, and Fe/ZSM-5

Ex Situ Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Lignin-Rich Digested Stillage over Na/ZSM-5, H/ZSM-5, and Fe/ZSM-5

Conversion of biomass to biofuels and life cycle assessment: a review

Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance as a Tool to Probe the Impact of Mechanical Preprocessing on the Structure and Arrangement of Plant Cell Wall Polymers

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