Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry–scanning electrochemical microscopy

Díaz‐Ballote, L.; Alpuche-Avilés, Mario A.; Wipf, David O.

doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.02.023

Cited by 25 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…These may be deconvoluted using a method that determines the tip-substrate distance, which can be used as a feedback mechanism for distance control during imaging of a substrate (vide infra). There are many modes of SECM, such as the feedback mode discussed [20], generation collection modes [21], redox competition mode [22], surface interrogation mode [23], direct mode [24], potentiometric mode [25], and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) mode [26]. The advantages and applications of these and other modes are described elsewhere and are not the focus of the present manuscript.…”

Section: Scanning Electrochemical Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and Perspectives in Chemical Imaging in Cellular Environments Using Electrochemical Methods

Lazenby

White

2018

Chemosensors

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This review discusses a broad range of recent advances (2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017) in chemical imaging using electrochemical methods, with a particular focus on techniques that have been applied to study cellular processes, or techniques that show promise for use in this field in the future. Non-scanning techniques such as microelectrode arrays (MEAs) offer high time-resolution (<10 ms) imaging; however, at reduced spatial resolution. In contrast, scanning electrochemical probe microscopies (SEPMs) offer higher spatial resolution (as low as a few nm per pixel) imaging, with images collected typically over many minutes. Recent significant research efforts to improve the spatial resolution of SEPMs using nanoscale probes and to improve the temporal resolution using fast scanning have resulted in movie (multiple frame) imaging with frame rates as low as a few seconds per image. Many SEPM techniques lack chemical specificity or have poor selectivity (defined by the choice of applied potential for redox-active species). This can be improved using multifunctional probes, ion-selective electrodes and tip-integrated biosensors, although additional effort may be required to preserve sensor performance after miniaturization of these probes. We discuss advances to the field of electrochemical imaging, and technological developments which are anticipated to extend the range of processes that can be studied. This includes imaging cellular processes with increased sensor selectivity and at much improved spatiotemporal resolution than has been previously customary.

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Section: Scanning Electrochemical Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and Perspectives in Chemical Imaging in Cellular Environments Using Electrochemical Methods

Lazenby

White

2018

Chemosensors

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“…A new routine in SECMx ('4D-Experiment') was used to measure a single cyclic voltammogram (CV) of the sample after each translation step while the x-and y-motors were resting. [26][27][28][29] The CVs were performed after a quite time of 2 s between 0.8 V and 0.1 V at a scan rate v = 0.2 V/s. During the execution of the CVs, the ME potential E T was held at 0.4 V vs. RHE and the resulting currents at the ME (i T ) and the substrate (i S ) were recorded.…”

Section: F874mentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Evaluation of Processed Membrane Electrode Assemblies by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy

Schulte

Liu

Plettenberg

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) for high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells with different sizes of the used binder particles were evaluated by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) with shear force (SF) supplement. The SF data provide means of checking the substrate morphology with respect to cracks formed during the drying process and with respect to aggregates from used binder of poly(fluoroethylene) (PTFE) simultaneously to the electrochemical data. Electron microscopy results show that a GDE prepared with smaller PTFE particles exhibits less PTFE aggregation and more regular cracks. The SECM images show a more homogeneous distribution and higher level of oxygen reduction reaction activity for the GDE prepared with smaller PTFE particles. The quantitative comparison is enabled by the SF setup that maintains a constant working distance toward the sample in the variant of the redox competition mode, in which a cyclic voltammogram was recorded for every grid position of the microelectrode probe. Mass transport limitations of oxygen during the experiment are avoided by dedicated shape of the microelectrode body. Images of microelectrode currents at specific potentials were extracted to map the local electrocatalytic activity of the GDE. The GDEs were processed to membrane electrode assemblies and applied in HT-PEFC single cell tests. The polarization curve agree with the SECM results that GDEs produced with smaller PTFE particles favor the MEA performance. The concept of zero-emission requires a rapid shift from traditional fuels to next generation of clean technologies 1 to mitigate local pollution in urban areas and to mitigate the emission of carbon dioxide. Polymer electrolyte water electrolyzers for the hydrogen production (from solar and wind power) and polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC) for electricity production from hydrogen are considered one of the most promising clean power technologies. Both electrochemical components are equipped with membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) consisting either of gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) assembled with membranes or catalyst coated membranes (CCMs) combined with gas diffusion layers (GDLs). 2,3 In the high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cell (HT-PEFC), which is considered here, GDEs are commonly used. In order to apply the catalyst dispersion onto the GDL, various coating methods can be used such as blade coating, spraying and screen printing. [4][5][6] During the subsequent drying process of the dispersion, cracks in the catalyst layer may occur, 4,7 which segment the catalyst layer into parts of a few hundred micrometers extension. The cracks, which are clearly visible, are not electrochemically active. A review about the formation and analysis of the crack structure as well as an ex-situ analysis of the crack width distribution in GDEs of HT-PEFCs was given by Froning et al. 8,9 However, it is not yet clear how the crack structures within the catalyst layers affect the performance of the fuel cell. Furthermore, the influence of the morphol...

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“…Recently, Wipf, Baur and colleagues combined FSCV with SECM, which provided important advantages over SECM used alone (91–93). In summary, cyclic voltammetry was carried out at the SECM tip at rapid scan rates (10–1000 V s −1 ); 3D data sets were produced for line scans and 4D data sets were produced for imaging experiments.…”

Section: Scanning Electrochemical Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Electrochemistry of Biological Systems

Adams

Puchades

Ewing

2008

Annual Rev. Anal. Chem.

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This article reviews recent work involving electrochemical methods for in vitro analysis of biomolecules, with an emphasis on detection and manipulation at and of single cells and cultures of cells. The techniques discussed include constant potential amperometry, chronoamperometry, cellular electroporation, scanning electrochemical microscopy, and microfluidic platforms integrated with electrochemical detection. The principles of these methods are briefly described, followed in most cases with a short description of an analytical or biological application and its significance. The use of electrochemical methods to examine specific mechanistic issues in exocytosis is highlighted, as a great deal of recent work has been devoted to this application.

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Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry–scanning electrochemical microscopy

Cited by 25 publications

References 34 publications

Advances and Perspectives in Chemical Imaging in Cellular Environments Using Electrochemical Methods

Advances and Perspectives in Chemical Imaging in Cellular Environments Using Electrochemical Methods

Local Evaluation of Processed Membrane Electrode Assemblies by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy

In Vitro Electrochemistry of Biological Systems

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