Fast Synchronization Scheme Using 2-Way Parallel Rendezvous in IEEE 802.15.4 TSCH

Bae, Byeong-Hwan; Chung, Sang-Hwa

doi:10.3390/s20051303

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Considering that each node sends the information to the controller by the shortest route and taking into account the worst case, the most distant nodes, three hop routes would be used for the proposed topology, where NH = 3. Thus, the total time for synchronization is equal to TS-NH = 120 s, similar to that obtained in other works, see Figure 13 of [43], where the Average Synchronization Time for 3 hops is around 155 s.…”

Section: Test 1 Protocol Efficiencysupporting

confidence: 86%

Enhancing SDN WISE with Slicing Over TSCH

Orozco-Santos

Sempere-Payá

Albero-Albero

et al. 2021

Sensors

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IWSNs (Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks) have become the next step in the evolution of WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks) due to the nature and demands of modern industry. With this type of network, flexible and scalable architectures can be created that simultaneously support traffic sources with different characteristics. Due to the great diversity of application scenarios, there is a need to implement additional capabilities that can guarantee an adequate level of reliability and that can adapt to the dynamic behavior of the applications in use. The use of SDNs (Software Defined Networks) extends the possibilities of control over the network and enables its deployment at an industrial level. The signaling traffic exchanged between nodes and controller is heavy and must occupy the same channel as the data traffic. This difficulty can be overcome with the segmentation of the traffic into flows, and correct scheduling at the MAC (Medium Access Control) level, known as slices. This article proposes the integration in the SDN controller of a traffic manager, a routing process in charge of assigning different routes according to the different flows, as well as the introduction of the Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) Scheduler. In addition, the TSCH (Time Slotted Channel Hopping) is incorporated in the SDN-WISE framework (Software Defined Networking solution for Wireless Sensor Networks), and this protocol has been modified to send the TSCH schedule. These elements are jointly responsible for scheduling and segmenting the traffic that will be sent to the nodes through a single packet from the controller and its performance has been evaluated through simulation and a testbed. The results obtained show how flexibility, adaptability, and determinism increase thanks to the joint use of the routing process and the TSCH Scheduler, which makes it possible to create a slicing by flows, which have different quality of service requirements. This in turn helps guarantee their QoS characteristics, increase the PDR (Packet Delivery Ratio) for the flow with the highest priority, maintain the DMR (Deadline Miss Ratio), and increase the network lifetime.

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Section: Test 1 Protocol Efficiencysupporting

confidence: 86%

Enhancing SDN WISE with Slicing Over TSCH

Orozco-Santos

Sempere-Payá

Albero-Albero

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…The TSCH follows the media access control (MAC) functionality, which is helpful for industrial applications and operations [5]. Moreover, the TSCH combines multichannel time slot schedule access (in units of slot-frames or superframes) and a channel-hopping mechanism to ensure low power consumption and high reliability [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Learning-Based Scheduling Scheme for IEEE 802.15.4e TSCH Network

Haque

Lee

Koo

2022

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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IEEE 802.15.4e time-slotted channel hopping (TSCH) is one of the most reliable resources of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). TSCH operates on the slot-frame structure consisting of multiple channel-offsets and multiple slot-offsets. It is gaining acceptance due to its simple architecture and consume low power in industrial applications. The performance of TSCH is mainly dominated by the media access control (MAC) mechanism, which covers the refitment, enumeration, composition, and data transmission. However, in many cases, the data transmission schedules are not accurately prescribed. Therefore, most researchers are trying to define many pragmatic scenarios of scheduling. Their fundamental approach is to schedule TSCH network in a centralized way while framing scheduling based on network performance such as throughput and delay. In this work, a deep learning (DL)-based scheme has been proposed. TSCH network schedules for links to cell assignment of a slot-frame can be constructed as a maximum edge weighted bipartite matching approach. In this paper, we design bipartite edge weight to be composed of throughput and delay, and we use the Hungarian algorithm for proper cell assignment. With the Hungarian scheduling algorithm, we generate the training data and train a deep neural network (DNN) accordingly. In the simulation, we consider a simple TSCH network with 5 nodes where 12 links are formulated, and we consider 16 cells for the link assignment. The simulation results show that the proposed deep learning-based scheduling scheme can provide performance similar to the Hungarian algorithm-based scheduling scheme with above 90% accuracy and nearly 80% execution time reduction.

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“…As mobility support involves several relevant issues, such as the best moment to start the handover procedure and the time required to complete this operation [ 8 ], various design issues must be carefully considered, such as adequate beacon scheduling [ 3 ], node speed upper bounds and direction [ 9 , 10 , 11 ], and time spent in the scanning phase [ 9 , 12 ]. However, regarding the time and energy costs of the handover procedure, the most critical aspect is the association algorithm due to the scan phases and the Media Access Control (MAC) involved [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Association Scheme for Handling Node Mobility in Cluster-Tree Wireless Sensor Networks

Casagrande

Moraes

Montez

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Node mobility in multi-hop communication environments is an important feature of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)-based monitoring systems. It allows nodes to have freedom of movement, without being restricted to a single-hop communication range. In IEEE 802.15.4 WSNs, nodes are only able to transfer data messages after completing a connection with a coordinator through an association mechanism. Within this context, a handover procedure needs to be executed by a mobile node whenever there is a disconnection from a coordinator and the establishment of a connection to another one. Many applications, such as those found in health monitoring systems, strongly need support for node mobility without loss of data during the handover. However, it has been observed that the time required to execute the handover procedure is one of the main reasons why IEEE 802.15.4 cannot fully support mobility. This paper proposes an improvement to this procedure using a set of combined strategies, such as anticipation of both the handover mechanism and the scan phase enhancement. Simulations show that it is possible to reduce latency during the association and re-association processes, making it feasible to develop WSN-based distributed monitoring systems with mobile nodes and stringent time constraints.

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Fast Synchronization Scheme Using 2-Way Parallel Rendezvous in IEEE 802.15.4 TSCH

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Enhancing SDN WISE with Slicing Over TSCH

Enhancing SDN WISE with Slicing Over TSCH

Deep Learning-Based Scheduling Scheme for IEEE 802.15.4e TSCH Network

A New Association Scheme for Handling Node Mobility in Cluster-Tree Wireless Sensor Networks

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