Fast temperature sensing using changes in extraordinary optical transmission through an array of subwavelength apertures

Kowalski, Gregory J.; Talakoub, Amir; Ji, Jin; O’Connell, J. Garland; Sen, Mehmet; Larson, Dale

doi:10.1117/1.3250276

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…EOT signal measures the average temperature of the dielectric constant of the medium directly above the nanoholes, whose thickness corresponds to the decay of the evanescent wave within the medium. This thickness is called the micro-sensing region, A B AB, A, B and approximated by λ/4 and is estimated as ≈150 nm for our case [13]. This small thickness leads to a very fast and sensitive temperature sensor as discussed by Kowalski et al [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In contrast, Kowalski et al utilized the nanohole array sensors as a temperature sensor for microfluidic applications [13]. Nanohole array sensors depend upon the collective excitation of surface electrons in metals induced by light, called surface plasmons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…This thickness is called the micro-sensing region, A B AB, A, B and approximated by λ/4 and is estimated as ≈150 nm for our case [13]. This small thickness leads to a very fast and sensitive temperature sensor as discussed by Kowalski et al [13]. A 3-D simulation is used to analyze thermal characteristics of the micro-sensing region and to compare it with the thermal characteristics of the complete system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Optimum sensor placement in microchannel reactors: design tool applications

Sen¹,

Fiering

Kowalski³

et al. 2011

Microfluidics, BioMEMS, and Medical Microsystems IX

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A computational analysis of a microchannel reacting flow that includes diffusion and heat transfer processes to determine design rules for sensor placement is described. The objective is to optimize the positioning of nanohole array sensors which measure concentration and temperature and to analyze the characteristics of the local quantities sensed by nanohole arrays. Because the position and minimum spacing of the sensors are limited by material and fabrication constraints, the computational analysis is used to verify the effectiveness and limitations of this approach. Thermal boundary analysis is performed to analyze the relation between the sensed layer (micro-sensing region) over the nanohole array sensors and the boundary layer development. The relationship between the sensor position and the nodes of the numerical solution that limit this design process are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Optimum sensor placement in microchannel reactors: design tool applications

Sen¹,

Fiering

Kowalski³

et al. 2011

Microfluidics, BioMEMS, and Medical Microsystems IX

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“…Fundamentally a surface plasmon phenomenon, the changes in EOT are caused by the change in the dielectric constant of the medium adjacent to the NHA surface and are dependent on temperature, pressure, and concentration in the sensing layer. The effect of concentration change on the EOT signal was shown by Stark et al [31], and the effect of temperature change on the EOT signal was demonstrated by Kowalski et al [19], expressing the generalized change in the dielectric constant as,…”

Section: Energy Balance Analysis: Implications For Calorimetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recht et al [18] constructed thin film thermistors within microwells and used them to obtain reaction rate constants by a titration series. Our group has developed optical temperature sensors using light transmission through nanoscale apertures (nanohole arrays) [19] and we have experimentally characterized these sensors in several microreactor geometries [20–22]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A continuous flow microfluidic calorimeter: 3-D numerical modeling with aqueous reactants

Sen¹,

Kowalski²,

Fiering³

et al. 2015

Thermochimica Acta

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A computational analysis of the reacting flow field, species diffusion and heat transfer processes with thermal boundary layer effects in a microchannel reactor with a coflow configuration was performed. Two parallel adjacent streams of aqueous reactants flow along a wide, shallow, enclosed channel in contact with a substrate, which is affixed to a temperature controlled plate. The Fluent computational fluid dynamics package solved the Navier–Stokes, mass transport and energy equations. The energy model, including the enthalpy of reaction as a nonuniform heat source, was validated by calculating the energy balance at several control volumes in the microchannel. Analysis reveals that the temperature is nearly uniform across the channel thickness, in the direction normal to the substrate surface; hence, measurements made by sensors at or near the surface are representative of the average temperature. Additionally, modeling the channel with a glass substrate and a silicone cover shows that heat transfer is predominantly due to the glass substrate. Finally, using the numerical results, we suggest that a microcalorimeter could be based on this configuration, and that temperature sensors such as optical nanohole array sensors could have sufficient spatial resolution to determine enthalpy of reaction.

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Nanohole-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Instruments with Improved Spectral Resolution Quantify a Broad Range of Antibody-Ligand Binding Kinetics

Sutherland

Maynard

et al. 2012

Anal. Chem.

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We demonstrate an affordable low-noise SPR instrument based on extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) in metallic nanohole arrays and quantify a broad range of antibody-ligand binding kinetics with equilibrium dissociation constants ranging from 200 pM to 40 nM. This nanohole-based SPR instrument is straightforward to construct, align, and operate, since it is built around a standard microscope and a portable fiber-optic spectrometer. The measured refractive index resolution of this platform is 3.1 × 10−6 without on-chip cooling, which is among the lowest reported for SPR sensors based on EOT. This is accomplished via rapid full-spectrum acquisition in 10 milliseconds followed by frame averaging of the EOT spectra, which is made possible by the production of template-stripped gold nanohole arrays with homogeneous optical properties over centimeter-sized areas. Sequential SPR measurements are performed using a 12-channel microfluidic flow cell after optimizing surface modification protocols and antibody injection conditions to minimize mass-transport artifacts. The immobilization of a model ligand, the protective antigen of anthrax on the gold surface, is monitored in real-time with a signal-to-noise ratio of ~860. Subsequently, real-time binding kinetic curves were measured quantitatively between the antigen and a panel of small, 25 kDa single-chain antibodies at concentrations down to 1 nM. These results indicate that nanohole-based SPR instruments have potential for quantitative antibody screening and as a general-purpose platform for integrating SPR sensors with other bioanalytical tools.

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Fast temperature sensing using changes in extraordinary optical transmission through an array of subwavelength apertures

Cited by 13 publications

References 31 publications

Optimum sensor placement in microchannel reactors: design tool applications

Optimum sensor placement in microchannel reactors: design tool applications

A continuous flow microfluidic calorimeter: 3-D numerical modeling with aqueous reactants

Nanohole-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Instruments with Improved Spectral Resolution Quantify a Broad Range of Antibody-Ligand Binding Kinetics

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