Fast Wide‐Field Quantum Sensor Based on Solid‐State Spins Integrated with a SPAD Array

Wang, Guoqing; Madonini, Francesca; Li, Boning; Li, Changhao; Xiang, Jinggang; Villa, Federica; Cappellaro, Paola

doi:10.1002/qute.202300046

Cited by 30 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…We built a wide-field imaging setup ( 28 ) integrated with a fast single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array ( 29 ) with a 100-kHz frame rate and 32 × 64 pixels ( 30 ), as shown in Fig. 1 B .…”

Section: Probing the Spin Environment With Deermentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulating solid-state spin concentration through charge transport

Wang

Tang

et al. 2023

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Solid-state defects are attractive platforms for quantum sensing and simulation, e.g., in exploring many-body physics and quantum hydrodynamics. However, many interesting properties can be revealed only upon changes in the density of defects, which instead is usually fixed in material systems. Increasing the interaction strength by creating denser defect ensembles also brings more decoherence. Ideally one would like to control the spin concentration at will while keeping fixed decoherence effects. Here, we show that by exploiting charge transport, we can take some steps in this direction, while at the same time characterizing charge transport and its capture by defects. By exploiting the cycling process of ionization and recombination of NV centers in diamond, we pump electrons from the valence band to the conduction band. These charges are then transported to modulate the spin concentration by changing the charge state of material defects. By developing a wide-field imaging setup integrated with a fast single photon detector array, we achieve a direct and efficient characterization of the charge redistribution process by measuring the complete spectrum of the spin bath with micrometer-scale spatial resolution. We demonstrate a two-fold concentration increase of the dominant spin defects while keeping the T 2 of the NV center relatively unchanged, which also provides a potential experimental demonstration of the suppression of spin flip-flops via hyperfine interactions. Our work paves the way to studying many-body dynamics with temporally and spatially tunable interaction strengths in hybrid charge–spin systems.

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Section: Probing the Spin Environment With Deermentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulating solid-state spin concentration through charge transport

Wang

Tang

et al. 2023

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Several studies have proposed different approaches to improve the temporal resolution in widefield quantum sensing, including down‐sampling method (with potential artefacts introduced), [ 12 ] frequency multiplexing [ 13 ] (with complicated implementation while limited speed‐up), advanced sensing arrays with single‐photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) [ 14 ] (with complex circuit integration needed), and in‐pixel demodulation with lock‐in cameras [ 15 ] (with sacrificed sensing precision). However, the fundamental limitation still lies in the monitored fluorescence intensity changes with image frames associated with a vast amount of data, leading to unsatisfactory performance in widefield quantum sensing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widefield Diamond Quantum Sensing with Neuromorphic Vision Sensors

Du,

Gupta,

et al. 2023

Advanced Science

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Despite increasing interest in developing ultrasensitive widefield diamond magnetometry for various applications, achieving high temporal resolution and sensitivity simultaneously remains a key challenge. This is largely due to the transfer and processing of massive amounts of data from the frame‐based sensor to capture the widefield fluorescence intensity of spin defects in diamonds. In this study, a neuromorphic vision sensor to encode the changes of fluorescence intensity into spikes in the optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) measurements is adopted, closely resembling the operation of the human vision system, which leads to highly compressed data volume and reduced latency. It also results in a vast dynamic range, high temporal resolution, and exceptional signal‐to‐background ratio. After a thorough theoretical evaluation, the experiment with an off‐the‐shelf event camera demonstrated a 13× improvement in temporal resolution with comparable precision of detecting ODMR resonance frequencies compared with the state‐of‐the‐art highly specialized frame‐based approach. It is successfully deploy this technology in monitoring dynamically modulated laser heating of gold nanoparticles coated on a diamond surface, a recognizably difficult task using existing approaches. The current development provides new insights for high‐precision and low‐latency widefield quantum sensing, with possibilities for integration with emerging memory devices to realize more intelligent quantum sensors.

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Measurement of Charge State Dynamics in Nitrogen−Vacancy Centers Based on Microwave‐Pulses‐Assisted Longitudinal Relaxations Balancing of Spin Qutrit

Li,

Yuan,

Bian

et al. 2024

Adv Quantum Tech

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The nitrogen−vacancy (NV) center in diamond gains its versatility when negatively charged (NV−) but is mediocre when neutrally charged. Particularly, the charge states of NV centers are convertible under optical pumping and during the dark intervals, whose dynamics are mixed with the NV−s’ spin polarizations and relaxations, making them difficult to detect. Here, a microwave‐pulses‐assisted charge state dynamics (CSD) measurement method of NV centers in the dark time (DT) is proposed. The microwave pulses are designed to manipulate the populations of the NV−s’ ground state spin triplets (qutrit) to the equilibrium state before the DT. Thus, the longitudinal relaxations of the qutrit are balanced, and pure CSD can be detected. Interestingly, in an annealed bulk diamond, not only the traditional tunneling‐induced fast exponential CSD are observed, but also a slow and long‐term recharging process, which is probably attributed to the exchanging of the electrons between NV centers and the high‐energy‐level charge traps such as vacancy clusters. Furthermore, results demonstrate a 40% increase in NV−s’ contrast by properly extending the recharging DT. These results are significant for the in‐depth study of the NV centers’ CSD and can improve the sensing abilities of the NV− ensemble.

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Fast Wide‐Field Quantum Sensor Based on Solid‐State Spins Integrated with a SPAD Array

Cited by 30 publications

References 56 publications

Manipulating solid-state spin concentration through charge transport

Manipulating solid-state spin concentration through charge transport

Widefield Diamond Quantum Sensing with Neuromorphic Vision Sensors

Measurement of Charge State Dynamics in Nitrogen−Vacancy Centers Based on Microwave‐Pulses‐Assisted Longitudinal Relaxations Balancing of Spin Qutrit

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