Faster accumulation and greater contribution of glomalin to the soil organic carbon pool than amino sugars do under tropical coastal forest restoration

Abstract

Microbial metabolic products play a vital role in maintaining ecosystem multifunctionality, such as soil physical structure and soil organic carbon (SOC) preservation.Afforestation is an effective strategy to restore degraded land. Glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSP) and amino sugars are regarded as stable microbial-derived C, and their distribution within soil aggregates affects soil structure stability and SOC sequestration. However, the information about how afforestation affects the microbial contribution to SOC pools within aggregates is poorly understood. We assessed the accumulation and contribution of GRSP and amino sugars within soil aggregates along a restoration chronosequence (Bare land, Eucalyptus exserta plantation, native species mixed forest, and native forest) in tropical coastal terraces. Amino sugars and GRSP concentrations increased, whereas their contributions to the SOC pool decreased along the restoration chronosequence. Although microaggregates harbored greater microbial abundances, amino sugars and GRSP concentrations were not significantly affected by aggregate sizes. Interestingly, the contributions of amino sugars and GRSP to SOC pools decreased with decreasing aggregate size which might be associated with increased accumulation of plant-derived C. However, the relative change rate of GRSP was consistently greater in all restoration chronosequences than that of amino sugars. The accumulation of GRSP and amino sugars in SOC pools was closely associated with the dynamics of soil fertility and the microbial community. Our findings

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Alleviates Charged Nanoplastic Stress in Host Plants via Enhanced Defense-Related Gene Expressions and Hyphal Capture

“…Plastic significantly affects soil properties, plants, fauna, microbes, and enzyme activities . In terrestrial ecosystems, plants associate with AM fungi and regulate essential ecological functions like carbon and nutrient cycling, − soil water dynamics, and community regulation . Our findings show the behavior of NPs altered by AM fungi, while NPs negatively influenced fungal growth.…”

Changes in soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in Pinus massoniana forest along altitudinal gradients of subtropical karst mountains

“…Although the effects of silt, SBD, and Alt cannot be ignored, TG ( Li et al, 2022 ; Percivall et al, 2022 ) and SMC ( McLauchlan, 2006 ; Qian, Pan & Sun, 2013 ; Sheng et al, 2021 ) may be the main environmental factors influencing SCNPC of topsoil in the karst P. massoniana forest. Our study showed that, in the topsoil, the cumulative explanatory rates of TG, SWC, silt, SBD and Alt to the explainable part of SOC, TN, AN, TP and AP were all greater than 88.72%, and the cumulative explanatory rates of TG and SMC reached 45.28–77.33%, which were consistent with the results of existing studies ( Cai, 2021 ; Zhang et al, 2019a ; Zhang et al, 2019b ).…”

“…Based on the differences in the availability and turnaround time of glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSP) in soil, they can be divided into easily extractable glomalin-related soil proteins (EEG) and total glomalin-related soil proteins (TG). In this study, EEG and TG were determined separately using a modified Kormas Brilliant Blue colorimetry method ( Gao, Peng & Wu, 2019 ; Li et al, 2022 ).…”

“…Moreover, the variation in SCNPC in mountain forests is often affected by natural and anthropogenic factors, such as soil physicochemical properties ( e.g. , soil parent material ( Pichler et al, 2021 ), soil texture ( Giardina et al, 2001 ), soil bulk density ( Manrique & Jones, 1991 ), soil pH ( Zhou et al, 2019 ), and glomalin-related soil protein ( Li et al, 2022 ), topographic factors ( e.g. , altitude ( He et al, 2016 ) and slope ( Bangroo, Najar & Rasool, 2017 ), climatic factors ( e.g.…”

Soil microbial necromass carbon in forests: A global synthesis of patterns and controlling factors

“…Amino sugars (AS) in cell walls, including glucosamine (GluN) in fungal cell walls and muramic acid (MurA) in bacterial cell walls, have been widely applied to indicate MNC because they persist in soils after cell death, are absent in plant litter, and contribute little to living microbial biomass (Amelung et al, 2001;Glaser et al, 2004;Joergensen, 2018;Wu et al, 2023). Several studies have employed AS concentrations to estimate MNC in soils (Wang et al, 2021a;Wang et al, 2021b;Li et al, 2022Li et al, , 2023. MNC is generally composed of a high percentage of fungal necromass C (FNC), usually > 65%, and a low percentage of bacterial necromass C (BNC) because fungi are the principal decomposers of complex substrates that are dominant in forest soils (Wang et al, 2021a).…”