Fasting increases and satiation decreases olfactory detection for a neutral odor in rats

Aimé, Pascaline; Duchamp‐Viret, Patricia; Chaput, Michel; Savigner, Agnès; Mahfouz, Mariam; Julliard, A

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2007.02.012

Cited by 133 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The behavioral test was performed as previously described (Aimé et al, 2007, 2012; Julliard et al, 2007; Tong et al, 2011) with minor modifications, as follow. 12 Zucker fa/+ and 12 Zucker fa/fa rats were submitted to the behavioral procedure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a first period, corresponding to the habituation, rats were trained for 2 days to lick pure water at the two drinking tubes of the experimental cage (not shown). The experimental set-up allowed the recording of licking behavior using a two-tube device described elsewhere (Aimé et al, 2007, 2012; Julliard et al, 2007). During the next 2 days (Figure 1B: D1 to D2, Aversion acquisition), rats only had access to water odorized with isoamyl-acetate (ISO, Sigma-Aldrich).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In turn, olfactory sensitivity is modulated by feeding state (Aimé et al, 2007) because normal-weight Wistar rats demonstrate a better olfactory sensitivity when they are fasted than when they are satiated (Aimé et al, 2007). Moreover, ICV administrations of leptin or insulin, two anorectic hormones, decrease the olfactory sensitivity of fasted rats to the level of satiated ones (Aimé et al, 2007; Julliard et al, 2007). Conversely, central infusions of orexin A or ghrelin, two orexigenic peptides, increase the olfactory sensitivity of satiated rats to the level of fasted ones (Julliard et al, 2007; Tong et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulation of olfactory sensitivity and glucose-sensing by the feeding state in obese Zucker rats

Aimé

Palouzier-Paulignan²,

Salem³

et al. 2014

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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The Zucker fa/fa rat has been widely used as an animal model to study obesity, since it recapitulates most of its behavioral and metabolic dysfunctions, such as hyperphagia, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Although it is well established that olfaction is under nutritional and hormonal influences, little is known about the impact of metabolic dysfunctions on olfactory performances and glucose-sensing in the olfactory system of the obese Zucker rat. In the present study, using a behavioral paradigm based on a conditioned olfactory aversion, we have shown that both obese and lean Zucker rats have a better olfactory sensitivity when they are fasted than when they are satiated. Interestingly, the obese Zucker rats displayed a higher olfactory sensitivity than their lean controls. By investigating the molecular mechanisms involved in glucose-sensing in the olfactory system, we demonstrated that sodium-coupled glucose transporters 1 (SGLT1) and insulin dependent glucose transporters 4 (GLUT4) are both expressed in the olfactory bulb (OB). By comparing the expression of GLUT4 and SGLT1 in OB of obese and lean Zucker rats, we found that only SGLT1 is regulated in genotype-dependent manner. Next, we used glucose oxidase biosensors to simultaneously measure in vivo the extracellular fluid glucose concentrations ([Gluc]ECF) in the OB and the cortex. Under metabolic steady state, we have determined that the OB contained twice the amount of glucose found in the cortex. In both regions, the [Gluc]ECF was 2 fold higher in obese rats compared to their lean controls. Under induced dynamic glycemia conditions, insulin injection produced a greater decrease of [Gluc]ECF in the OB than in the cortex. Glucose injection did not affect OB [Gluc]ECF in Zucker fa/fa rats. In conclusion, these results emphasize the importance of glucose for the OB network function and provide strong arguments towards establishing the OB glucose-sensing as a key factor for sensory olfactory processing.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Modulation of olfactory sensitivity and glucose-sensing by the feeding state in obese Zucker rats

Aimé

Palouzier-Paulignan²,

Salem³

et al. 2014

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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“…It has been suggested that the feeding state modulates the olfactory sensitivity at several stages of the olfactory pathway. However, the underlying signaling systems and the cellular effects responsible for the functional interaction between olfaction and food intake are as yet poorly understood (Apelbaum et al, 2005;Getchell et al, 2006;Aimé et al, 2007;Julliard et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Endocannabinoid 2-Arachidonoyl-Glycerol Controls Odor Sensitivity in Larvae of Xenopus laevis

Breunig¹,

Manzini²,

Piscitelli³

et al. 2010

Journal of Neuroscience

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Cannabinoids modulate the activity of many neuronal cells, among them sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium. Here we show that the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG) is synthesized in both olfactory receptor neurons and glia-like sustentacular cells in larval Xenopus laevis. Its production in the latter depends on the hunger state of the animal. The essential effect of 2-AG in olfactory receptor neurons is the control of odorant detection thresholds via cannabinoid CB 1 receptor activation. Hunger renders olfactory neurons more sensitive. Endocannabinoid modulation in the nose may therefore substantially influence food-seeking behavior.

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“…Results are discrepant; however, most of the studies point toward a higher olfactory sensitivity before food intake. [2][3][4][5] There is a wide range of physiological responses to hunger and satiety. Endocrine signals reflecting the energy status include hormones such as ghrelin, adiponectin, leptin and insulin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute, short-term hyperinsulinemia increases olfactory threshold in healthy subjects

et al. 2010

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Objective: Smell plays an important role in feeding behavior. We therefore tested whether insulin as a postprandial signal is involved in the regulation of olfactory function. Research design and methods: We assessed olfactory thresholds in eight lean subjects (age: 34±7 years, M/F: 5/3) before and during a 2-h hyperinsulinemic (1 mU kg À1 min À1 ) euglycemic clamp and in eight lean fasted subjects (age: 36 ± 6 years, M/F: 5/3) without insulin infusion at the same time of the day. To define odor thresholds, standardized 'sniffing sticks' were used. Results: Odor thresholds decreased from 7.8 ± 1.2 to 6.2 ± 1.1 during euglycemic hyperinsulinemia (P ¼ 0.0173), representing an increase in odor threshold. In the control group, odor thresholds were 8.3±1.6 and did not change after 120 min of fasting (8.9 ± 2.2, P ¼ 0.6). Conclusions: Increased insulin levels lead to a reduced smelling capacity, potentially reducing the pleasantness of eating. Therefore, insulin action in the olfactory bulb may be involved in the process of satiation and may thus be of interest in the pathogenesis of obesity.

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Fasting increases and satiation decreases olfactory detection for a neutral odor in rats

Cited by 133 publications

References 48 publications

Modulation of olfactory sensitivity and glucose-sensing by the feeding state in obese Zucker rats

Modulation of olfactory sensitivity and glucose-sensing by the feeding state in obese Zucker rats

The Endocannabinoid 2-Arachidonoyl-Glycerol Controls Odor Sensitivity in Larvae of Xenopus laevis

Acute, short-term hyperinsulinemia increases olfactory threshold in healthy subjects

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