Fasting insulin and leptin serum levels are associated with systolic blood pressure independent of percentage body fat and body mass index

Kazumi, Tsutomu; Kawaguchi, Akira T.; Katoh, Junichi; Iwahashi, Masanori; Yoshino, Gen

doi:10.1097/00004872-199917100-00013

Cited by 42 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…RESULTS -As previously reported (8,26,27) and confirmed in the present study (Table 1), most young Japanese men studied were normotensive, nonobese, and nondiabetic and had high HDL cholesterol, low triglyceride, and desirable LDL cholesterol levels. In addition, they were not hyperinsulinemic, and their CRP levels averaged 0.51 mg/l.…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

“…When SBP and DBP fell into different categories, the higher category was used. As previously reported (8), high BP was found in only 10 (5%) of the 198 men studied, optimal and normal BP in 90 (46%) and 52 (26%) men, respectively, and high-normal BP in 46 (23%) men.…”

supporting

confidence: 85%

“…The aim of the present study was to determine whether abnormalities of glucose, insulin, and lipoprotein metabolism are more common in individuals with high-normal BP than in those with optimal BP. To do this, we examined a homogeneous cohort of young healthy Japanese men, only 5% of whom were found to have high BP (8). In addition, we measured heart rate, a global index of the autonomic nervous system influence on the heart; serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), a sensitive marker of inflammation; and adiponectin, an adipose-specific protein, all of which have recently been reported to be associated with insulin resistance (9 -11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was done using an impedance fat meter (TBF-202; Tanita Corp., Tokyo, Japan). TBF-202 uses two foot-pad electrodes with a corresponding digital scale, as previously reported (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Young Men With High-Normal Blood Pressure Have Lower Serum Adiponectin, Smaller LDL Size, and Higher Elevated Heart Rate Than Those With Optimal Blood Pressure

Kazumi

Kawaguchi

Sakai³

et al. 2002

Diabetes Care

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253

147

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OBJECTIVE -Three measures-heart rate, a global index of the influence of the autonomic nervous system on the heart; circulating concentrations of adiponectin, an adipose-specific protein; and C-reactive protein (CRP), a sensitive marker of inflammation-have been reported to be closely associated with insulin resistance. Patients with borderline hypertension are known to be more insulin resistant and dyslipidemic than those with normal blood pressure (BP). BP can be classified into three categories: optimal, normal, and high-normal. The present study examined whether those with high-normal BP have any of these three conditions as compared with those with optimal BP in young healthy men.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -Anthropometric, blood pressure, heart rate, and blood tests, including tests for adiponectin and CRP, were conducted in 198 male students, ages 18 -26 years, who had fasted overnight. Insulin resistance (IR) and insulin secretion (␤-cell levels) were calculated using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), and LDL size was measured by PAGE.RESULTS -Compared with the 90 men who had optimal BP, the 46 men with high-normal BP had increased heart rate, BMI, percent body fat, and serum leptin levels. In addition, they had greater serum insulin, HOMA IR, and ␤-cell levels, lower adiponectin levels, and comparable CRP levels. Furthermore, the 46 men with high-normal BP had higher serum triglyceride and apolipoprotein (apo) B levels, and smaller LDL size; however, there was no difference in LDL and HDL cholesterol and apoA-I between men with optimal and high-normal BP. After adjusting for BMI, differences were still significant in serum adiponectin, heart rate, and LDL particle size. As BP rose, there was an increase in heart rate (BMI-adjusted least square means were 63, 65, and 70 bpm in men with optimal, normal, and high-normal BP, respectively; P ϭ 0.005), whereas serum adiponectin (7.5, 6.6, and 6.4 mg/l; P ϭ 0.007) and LDL particle size (271, 269, and 269 Å; P ϭ 0.008) decreased.CONCLUSIONS -Young men with high-normal BP have a faster heart rate, lower serum adiponectin levels, and smaller LDL size than men with optimal BP, even after adjustment for BMI. These results suggest the necessity of preventing further development of cardiac and metabolic diseases in young people who have high-normal BP. Diabetes Care 25:971-976, 2002

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supporting

confidence: 88%

supporting

confidence: 85%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was done using an impedance fat meter (TBF-202; Tanita Corp., Tokyo, Japan). TBF-202 uses two foot-pad electrodes with a corresponding digital scale, as previously reported (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Young Men With High-Normal Blood Pressure Have Lower Serum Adiponectin, Smaller LDL Size, and Higher Elevated Heart Rate Than Those With Optimal Blood Pressure

Kazumi

Kawaguchi

Sakai³

et al. 2002

Diabetes Care

Self Cite

253

147

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“…The effect of insulin and the sympathetic nervous system should be regarded as prohypertensive, since not all obese individuals are hypertensive, as demonstrated here and elsewhere, despite increased sympathetic activity. Nor is this mechanism involving insulin an exclusive one; leptin, which also stimulates sympathetic activity [8,9], and angiotensinogen, produced in (central) adipocytes [10], have been implicated as well. In the present study of Grassi and colleagues, since the subjects with the metabolic syndrome were obese, it seems reasonable to infer that the enhanced sympathetic activity reported was secondary to obesity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome

Landsberg

2005

Diabetologia

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In this issue of Diabetologia, Grassi and colleagues report increased muscle sympathetic nerve activity in patients with a collection of cardiovascular risk factors known as the metabolic syndrome [1]. They present evidence that the increase in sympathetic activity in this syndrome is related to insulin resistance and is associated with decreased baroreflex sensitivity.Why is this important? Because the metabolic syndrome is associated with significant cardiovascular risk, and understanding the pathogenesis of this constellation of factors can help define therapeutic strategies to reverse or mitigate the risk. There are four critical features of the metabolic syndrome: (1) obesity, particularly the central or abdominal form of obesity; (2) insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia; (3) hypertension; and (4) a characteristic dyslipidaemia consisting of high triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol [2]. Moreover, these abnormalities are associated; they occur together with increased frequency, as demonstrated in population studies. Additional risk factors that may be associated with the syndrome include type 2 diabetes, hyperuricaemia, microalbuminuria and coagulation abnormalities that constitute a pro-thrombotic diathesis. The clinician can readily diagnose the metabolic syndrome using the well-established criteria that were applied in the study of Grassi et al.[1] to identify appropriate subjects. These criteria use waist circumference as a reasonable surrogate for the abdominal form of obesity. The current worldwide epidemic of obesity highlights the importance of this syndrome.What are the threads that tie the seemingly diverse manifestations of this syndrome together? The defining features of obesity and insulin resistance are relatively well-understood and, together, can rationally and convincingly explain the hypertension and dyslipidaemia [3]. For the last 100 years, hypertension has been known to be closely associated with obesity. It has been known for four decades that obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with hyperinsulinaemia; the latter reflects enhanced pancreatic beta cell secretion in the face of an impairment of muscle glucose uptake, the defining abnormality of insulin resistance. When the pancreatic beta cell reserve falters, IGT or overt type 2 diabetes develops. It has been known for over two decades that insulin stimulates sympathetic activity [4] and, more recently, that this stimulation occurs at levels of insulin that are well within the physiological range [5]. For the last 15 years it has been known that obese humans have increased sympathetic activity [6], and Grassi and colleagues recently demonstrated that sympathetic activation is greater in subjects with the central, as opposed to the peripheral, form of obesity [7]. It is a reasonable inference, therefore, that insulin stimulates the sympathetic nervous system in obese individuals and that insulin-mediated sympathetic stimulation exerts a pro-hypertensive effect in this group. This inference is strengthened by the correlation o...

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Risk stratification according to insulin type

Skelin

Lucijanić

Javor

2018

European J of Heart Fail

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Fasting insulin and leptin serum levels are associated with systolic blood pressure independent of percentage body fat and body mass index

Abstract: Hyperleptinemia and hyperinsulinemia may be regulators of arterial pressure, independent of body mass index or percentage body fat.

Cited by 42 publications

References 24 publications

Young Men With High-Normal Blood Pressure Have Lower Serum Adiponectin, Smaller LDL Size, and Higher Elevated Heart Rate Than Those With Optimal Blood Pressure

Young Men With High-Normal Blood Pressure Have Lower Serum Adiponectin, Smaller LDL Size, and Higher Elevated Heart Rate Than Those With Optimal Blood Pressure

Insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome

Risk stratification according to insulin type

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