Fat Absorption in Chronic Severe Malnutrition in Children

Gómez, Francisco García; Galván, Rafael Ramos; Cravioto, J; Frenk, Silvestre; Santaella, Judith Vázquez; Peña, Carmen de la

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(56)90867-4

Cited by 48 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The degree of malnutrition of the hamsters, according to Gomez's classification of human malnutrition [18], was determined based on their weight-for-age (WA) results, using the 14%NI group as the control. The WA was calculated according to Anstead et al [6] as: ( weight of the animals [by group]/expected weight of these animals if they had followed the diet of the 14%NI animals) x 100%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Malnutrition Impairs the Immune Response and Influences the Severity of Infection in a Hamster Model of Chronic Visceral Leishmaniasis

et al. 2014

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Leishmaniasis remains one of the world's most devastating neglected tropical diseases. It mainly affects developing countries, where it often co-exists with chronic malnutrition, one of the main risk factors for developing the disease. Few studies have been published, however, on the relationship between leishmaniasis progression and malnutrition. The present paper reports the influence of protein malnutrition on the immune response and visceral disease development in adult hamsters infected with Leishmania infantum fed either standard or low protein diets. The low protein diet induced severe malnutrition in these animals, and upon infection with L. infantum 33% had severe visceral leishmaniasis compared to only 8% of animals fed the standard diet. The infected, malnourished animals showed notable leukocyte depletion, mild specific antibody responses, impairment of lymphoproliferation, presence of parasites in blood (16.67% of the hamsters) and significant increase of the splenic parasite burden. Animals fed standard diet suffered agranulocytosis and monocytopenia, but showed stronger specific immune responses and had lower parasite loads than their malnourished counterparts. The present results show that protein malnutrition promotes visceral leishmaniasis and provide clues regarding the mechanisms underlying the impairment of the immune system.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Malnutrition Impairs the Immune Response and Influences the Severity of Infection in a Hamster Model of Chronic Visceral Leishmaniasis

et al. 2014

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“…Traditional weaning foods in Nigeria contain only 0.13 to 0.74 Cal% of linoleic acid [47], an amount that does not meet the requirements of the growing child [19]. In addition there is an impaired intestinal absorption of dietary lipids in the proteinenergy malnourished child [26,31,61,66,68]. Triglyceride digestion is hindered by premature bile salt deconjugation and thus impaired micellular solubisation of lipids [53,57] and by diminished production of pancreas lipase [3,57,62,67].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid composition of plasma lipids in Nigerian children with protein-energy malnutrition

Koletzko

Laryea

et al. 1986

Eur J Pediatr

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The fatty acid (FA) composition of the main plasma lipids was analysed in eight well-nourished, generally healthy Nigerian children aged 14.1 +/- 7.2 months and in 17 malnourished children (8 marasmus, 9 kwashiorkor) aged 14.6 +/- 3.8 months within the first 2 days of admission at the Dept. of Child Health, University of Benin. In comparison to the control group, the malnourished children showed a marked decrease of polyunsaturated FA with low linoleic acid, mainly in sterol esters (STE), and severely reduced linoleic acid metabolites, including arachidonic acid, in all lipid fractions. omega-3-FA were not altered except for a reduction of docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in phospholipids. Clearly increased values were found for saturated FA in STE and for the non-essential monoenoic FA in all lipid classes. This pattern indicates the presence of essential fatty acid deficiency in the malnourished children. There was no significant difference between marasmus and kwashiorkor. Eight malnourished children were followed up in the early phase of recovery during hospital treatment 14.0 +/- 3.1 days after obtaining the first sample. Linoleic acid had increased again in STE, but its metabolites were as low or even lower than before. An impaired activity of delta-6-desaturase, the rate limiting enzyme of linoleic acid metabolism, in suggested by elevated substrate-product-ratios of this enzyme in untreated children with protein energy malnutrition and in the early phase of recovery, which may be due to low insulin levels, protein and zinc deficiency. The trientetraen ratio (20:3 omega 9/20:4 omega 6) thus is not a reliable indicator of essential FA status in protein-energy malnutrition.

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“…In addition, the very active turnover rate of the epithelial lining of the intestine (11) imposes a continuous need for replenishment of structural protein. Recently we have shown a very close correlation between the level of amino acid-activating enzymes (AAAE) in homogenates of rat intestinal epithelium and prolonged fasting (12), a condition known to be associated with impaired intestinal absorption of fat (13,14). Since AAAE initiate the sequence of reactions involved in the synthesis of protein (15), the above observation suggested the possibility that substances having an inhibitory effect on the synthesis of protein may similarly impair the intestinal absorption of lipids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dl-ethionine on the intestinal absorption and transport of palmitic acid-1-14C and tripalmitin-14C. Role of intramucosal factors in the uptake of luminal lipids

Kessler¹,

Mishkin²,

Stein³

1969

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A C T The effect of DL-ethionine on the uptake and transport of lipid by the rat small intestine was investigated. A cottonseed oil emulsion containing 1'C-labeled tripalmitin or palmitic acid was administered intragastrically to rats pretreated with DL-ethiOnine, DLethionine plus methionine, or saline, and the rats were sacrificed 2, 4, and 6 hr later. Lipids from the plasma, the stomach, the colon, the luminal contents of the small intestine, and the wall of the small intestine were extracted, fractionated, and their radioactivity assayed.Ethionine markedly inhibited the uptake of lipids by the small intestine. This inhibition was not related to impairment of intraluminal lipolysis since analagous inhibitions were observed when palmitic acid or predigested triglyceride (TG), obtained through a jejunal fistula from normal animals, was administered instead of tripalmitin. Ethionine also inhibited the transport of lipid from the wall of the small intestine. A significant fraction of the administered lipid remained in the wall of the small intestine, and only a small fraction was transported to the blood stream. Although most of the wall radioactivity was in the form of TG, significant proportions were also found in the free fatty acid (FFA) and partial glyceride fractions, indicating a marked inhibition of mucosal reesterification to TG. were directly related to the degree of inhibition of uptake of luminal radioactivity. This relationship suggests that the rate of reesterification, the level of mucosal FFA, and the rate of transport of intramucosal TG may be of importance in determining the extent of uptake of intraluminal lipid by the mucosal cells.Since a significant fraction of the wall radioactivity was in the form of TG, the decreased transport of wall lipids was attributed to an impairment of chylomicron completion due to inhibition of either the synthesis of chylomicron apoprotein or the association of preformed TG with the protein moiety of chylomicrons. Experiments with labeled amino acids support the first possibility.

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Fat Absorption in Chronic Severe Malnutrition in Children

Cited by 48 publications

References 0 publications

Protein Malnutrition Impairs the Immune Response and Influences the Severity of Infection in a Hamster Model of Chronic Visceral Leishmaniasis

Protein Malnutrition Impairs the Immune Response and Influences the Severity of Infection in a Hamster Model of Chronic Visceral Leishmaniasis

Fatty acid composition of plasma lipids in Nigerian children with protein-energy malnutrition

Effect of dl-ethionine on the intestinal absorption and transport of palmitic acid-1-14C and tripalmitin-14C. Role of intramucosal factors in the uptake of luminal lipids

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