Fat and sugar substitutes: implications for dietary intakes and energy balance

Mela, David J.

doi:10.1079/pns19970090

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…We think that the nutritional pro®le of this group constitutes a health risk since high fat diet contents have been related with the development of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and some types of cancer (Pi-Sunyer, 1993). Moreover, the information coming from biochemical, metabolism, epidemiological and food behavioural investigations support the casual role of high energy dense diets and fat rich diets in the development of obesity (Mela, 1997;Poppitt & Prentice, 1996).…”

Section: Nutritional Pro®le Of High Energy G Cuco â Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Food and nutritional profile of high energy density consumers in an adult Mediterranean population

et al. 2001

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Objective: To test if an adult Mediterranean population consumes different food volumes while spontaneously ingesting diets of different energy density and to estimate which are the food and nutritional pro®les of these diets. Design: A cross-sectional study of food consumption. Setting: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus. Subjects: Five hundred and seventy two adult individuals (25 ± 65 y) randomly selected from the population census of Reus. Intervention: 24 hour recall method for 3 non-consecutive days including one holiday. The population was classi®ed into three groups of differing energy densities by simple linear regression analysis. Means were compared by ANOVA. Results: Both sexes consume similar food volumes across the different levels of energy density. High energy density consumers ingest signi®cantly more red meat, olive oil, sweet cereals, cereals and sugars and less reduced fat milk, green vegetables and fruit compared to low energy density consumers. Male and female high energy density consumers show a signi®cantly higher consumption of energy (1686 kJ and 2200 kJ, respectively) (P`0.001), a 5.2% (P`0.001) and 2.3% (P`0.05) respectively higher energy intake derived from fat and a 1.3% (P`0.05) and 1.3% (P`0.05) respectively higher energy intake derived from saturated fatty acids compared to low energy density consumers. Conclusions: Our adult Mediterranean population normally consumes similar food volumes, independently of the energy density ingested. High energy dense diets in our population could represent an important health risk because they are excessively rich in energy, fats and saturated fatty acids. Sponsorship: City Council of Reus.

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Section: Nutritional Pro®le Of High Energy G Cuco â Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Food and nutritional profile of high energy density consumers in an adult Mediterranean population

et al. 2001

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“…The emerging picture is that energy-dense diets, those high in fat, play a causal role in causing obesity. In contrast, carbohydrate and sugar consumption has often been viewed as at the worst neutral in this respect (Bolton-Smith & Woodward, 1994;Astrup & Raben, 1995;Poppitt & Prentice, 1996;Mela, 1997).…”

Section: Macronutrients and Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Can artificial sweeteners help control body weight and prevent obesity?

Benton

2005

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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The possible role played by artificial sweeteners in the long-term maintenance of body weight is considered. Although artificial sweeteners can play a role in a short-term energy-controlled diet, the evidence that they are helpful over a longer period is limited. In those in the recommended weight range there is evidence of compensation; that is, the consumption of low-energy foods is followed by an increased energy intake to make up the lost energy. Energy compensation is more likely in those not displaying dietary restraint. The desire to remove sugar from the diet reflects an assumption that its intake is associated with obesity. However, the consumption of energy-dense food, that almost entirely reflects a high fat and low water content, is the best predictor of obesity. Diets offering a high proportion of energy in the form of carbohydrate tend to contain low levels of fat. There are several reports that the use of artificial sweeteners leads to an increased consumption of fat. The weak ability of fat to satisfy hunger makes it easy to overeat fatty foods; in contrast, carbohydrates promote a feeling of 'fullness'. Various short-term studies have found that carbohydrate consumed as a liquid, rather than a solid, is more likely to result in weight gain.

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“…There is also an urgent need for more research on the potential effects on human weight regulation of modern food processing techniques which can manipulate the traditional 'learnt' linkage between macronutrients and energy intake 54 . These relationships form the basis of most people's cognate control of food intake and their disruption is likely to impair the partnership between cognitive and metabolic controls of food intake.…”

Section: Areas For Further Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macronutrients as sources of food energy

Prentice

2005

Public Health Nutr.

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This background paper considers the extent to which the development of new recommendations for dietary energy requirements needs to account for the macronutrient (fat, carbohydrate, protein and alcohol) profiles of different diets. The issues are discussed from the dual perspectives of avoiding under-nutrition and obesity. It is shown that, in practice, human metabolic processes can adapt to a wide range of fuel supply by altering fuel selection. It is concluded that, at the metabolic level, only diets with the most extreme macronutrient composition would have any consequences by exceeding the natural ability to modify fuel selection. However, diets of different macronutrient composition and energy density can have profound implications for innate appetite regulation and hence overall energy consumption.

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Fat and sugar substitutes: implications for dietary intakes and energy balance

Cited by 7 publications

References 69 publications

Food and nutritional profile of high energy density consumers in an adult Mediterranean population

Food and nutritional profile of high energy density consumers in an adult Mediterranean population

Can artificial sweeteners help control body weight and prevent obesity?

Macronutrients as sources of food energy

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