Fat cell adrenergic receptors and the control of white and brown fat cell function

Lafontan, Max; Berlan, Michel

doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)37695-1

Cited by 565 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 253 publications

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“…These results lend further support to the hypothesis that the sympathetic drive to WAT selectively increases during fasting. As shown by immunohistochemical analysis, such an increase involves both parenchymal nerves, from which the spillover of noradrenaline likely causes adipocyte lipolysis via adrenergic receptors (Lafontan and Berlan 1993) and blood vessel nerves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Regional-dependent Increase of Sympathetic Innervation in Rat White Adipose Tissue during Prolonged Fasting

Giordano

Frontini

Murano

et al. 2005

J Histochem Cytochem.

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S U M M A R Y White adipose tissue (WAT) is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system.A role for WAT sympathetic noradrenergic nerves in lipid mobilization has been suggested. To gain insight into the involvement of nerve activity in the delipidation process, WAT nerves were investigated in rat retroperitoneal and epididymal depots after prolonged fasting. A significant increase in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) content was found in epididymal and, especially, retroperitoneal WAT by Western blotting. Accordingly, an increased immunoreactivity for TH was detected by immunohistochemistry in epididymal and, especially, retroperitoneal vascular and parenchymal noradrenergic nerves. Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-containing nerves were found around arteries and in the parenchyma. Double-staining experiments and confocal microscopy showed that most perivascular and some parenchymal noradrenergic nerves also contained NPY. Detection of protein gene product (PGP) 9.5, a general marker of peripheral nerves, by Western blotting and PGP 9.5-TH by double-staining experiments showed significantly increased noradrenergic nerve density in fasted retroperitoneal, but not epididymal depots, suggesting that formation of new nerves takes place in retroperitoneal WAT in fasting conditions. On the whole, these data confirm the important role of sympathetic noradrenergic nerves in WAT lipid mobilization during fasting but also raise questions about the physiological role of regional-dependent nerve adjustments and their functional significance in relation to white adipocyte secretory products.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Regional-dependent Increase of Sympathetic Innervation in Rat White Adipose Tissue during Prolonged Fasting

Giordano

Frontini

Murano

et al. 2005

J Histochem Cytochem.

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“…BAT thermogenesis is a neurally controlled process. Norepinephrine, released by parenchymal sympathetic nerves (Norman et al 1988), interacts with noradrenergic receptors located on the cell membrane of brown adipocytes and induces expression and functional activation of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) (Lafontan and Berlan 1993). A member of the mitochondrial inner membrane carrier family, UCP1 uncouples oxidative phosphorylation (Klingenberg and Huang 1999).…”

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confidence: 99%

Presence and Distribution of Cholinergic Nerves in Rat Mediastinal Brown Adipose Tissue

Giordano

Frontini

Castellucci

et al. 2004

J Histochem Cytochem.

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Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is richly provided with sympathetic noradrenergic nerves but is believed to lack a parasympathetic nerve supply. Acetylcholine is the predominant transmitter of postganglionic parasympathetic nerves. The vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) resides in synaptic vesicles of cholinergic nerve terminals and is used as a marker for peripheral cholinergic nerves. We sought cholinergic nerves in rat BAT using VAChT immunohistochemistry (IHC) on cryosections of interscapular, cervical, mediastinal, and perirenal depots. Mediastinal BAT was the sole depot provided with putative parasympathetic perivascular and parenchymal cholinergic nerves. The absence of vasoactive intestinal peptide-positive nerves suggested their nature as pure cholinergic fibers. By confocal microscopy, both cholinergic and noradrenergic nerves were detected in mediastinal BAT. Cold exposure and fasting led to increased density of VAChT-positive fibers and of noradrenergic sympathetic nerves at morphometry. The unexpected double innervation of mediastinal BAT may explain the inhibitory influence on thermogenesis observed after systemic injection of muscarinic antagonists in rats, and raises questions about the physiological role of its cholinergic nerve supply.

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“…β 3 -ARs have been mostly studied in adipose cells to increase cAMP levels, activation of lipase, and thermogenesis [ 330 , 331 ]. Most studies suggest that the β 3 -AR produces a negative inotropy in opposition to positive inotropy regulated by the β 1 - or β 2 -AR [ 14 , 16 ], is cardioprotective [ 59 ], and upregulated during human HF [ 60 , 332 ].…”

Section: Ars In Cardiac Metabolism and As Potential Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting Adrenergic Receptors in Metabolic Therapies for Heart Failure

Perez

2021

IJMS

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The heart has a reduced capacity to generate sufficient energy when failing, resulting in an energy-starved condition with diminished functions. Studies have identified numerous changes in metabolic pathways in the failing heart that result in reduced oxidation of both glucose and fatty acid substrates, defects in mitochondrial functions and oxidative phosphorylation, and inefficient substrate utilization for the ATP that is produced. Recent early-phase clinical studies indicate that inhibitors of fatty acid oxidation and antioxidants that target the mitochondria may improve heart function during failure by increasing compensatory glucose oxidation. Adrenergic receptors (α1 and β) are a key sympathetic nervous system regulator that controls cardiac function. β-AR blockers are an established treatment for heart failure and α1A-AR agonists have potential therapeutic benefit. Besides regulating inotropy and chronotropy, α1- and β-adrenergic receptors also regulate metabolic functions in the heart that underlie many cardiac benefits. This review will highlight recent studies that describe how adrenergic receptor-mediated metabolic pathways may be able to restore cardiac energetics to non-failing levels that may offer promising therapeutic strategies.

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Fat cell adrenergic receptors and the control of white and brown fat cell function

Cited by 565 publications

References 253 publications

Regional-dependent Increase of Sympathetic Innervation in Rat White Adipose Tissue during Prolonged Fasting

Regional-dependent Increase of Sympathetic Innervation in Rat White Adipose Tissue during Prolonged Fasting

Presence and Distribution of Cholinergic Nerves in Rat Mediastinal Brown Adipose Tissue

Targeting Adrenergic Receptors in Metabolic Therapies for Heart Failure

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