“…Reduced clearance of lipid in premature and acutely ill neonates (17,174), increased risk of kernicterus in jaundiced neonates (18), potentially increased risk of coronary vascular disease (238), altered prostaglandin synthesis and turnover (151), and deposition of lipid within macrophages leading to altered immunity (227,329) have all been reported. Additionally, deposition of lipid occurs in the lungs of infants receiving lipid emulsions (40,102,251), which may exacerbate preexisting respiratory problems. Therefore, although parenteral nutrition may be essential in providing adequate nutrition for some neonates, its deleterious effects on the immune and other systems further predisposes the infants to infections.…”