Fat obtained from plastic surgery procedures—stem cells derived from adipose tissue and their potential in technological innovation: a narrative literature review and perspective on dissociative methods

Abstract

Background Throughout its illustrious history, plastic surgery has searched for novel regenerative therapies and procedures. Recently, interest has emerged in using adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) in an ethical, easy, and reproducible manner. ASCs are generally not administered alone but as a constituent of the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) in clinical practice. Herein, we searched for innovative fat collection and ASC isolation technologies and applications and evaluated each study’s relevance to plastic surgery. Methods A narrative literature review was carried out using the MEDLINE/PubMed databases. Studies published from January 1993 to August 2020 and written in English, Portuguese, or Spanish were considered. Results The selection process yielded 33 articles for subsequent review, involving exploratory, selective, and interpretive reading, material choice, and text analysis. Twenty-three articles employed enzymatic dissociation methods to isolate ASCs, and 25 employed liposuction as the plastic surgery technique. Moreover, articles describing new devices ( n = 2), techniques ( n = 4), computational models ( n = 1), tissue scaffolds ( n = 21), and therapies and/or treatments ( n = 5) were identified. Conclusions Given the importance of fat tissue for plastic surgery purposes, innovative ASC isolation and liposuction technologies could change how the surgeon conducts surgeries and improve surgical outcomes. Furthermore, many articles investigating tissue scaffolds demonstrate the importance of this area of research and development in plastic surgery and regenerative medicine. Continued efforts in the identified research areas will eventually bring in vivo human plastic surgery applications and regenerative medicine into the operating room. Level of evidence: Not gradable.

Evaluating the quality of studies reporting on clinical applications of stromal vascular fraction: A systematic review and proposed reporting guidelines (CLINIC-STRA-SVF)

“…The present study investigated the clinical scope and the quality of studies reporting the use of enzymatic-extracted stromal vascular fraction in clinical application, through the level of evidence of the publications, the methodologies used to perform the research and publish the results, the quality of the information related to the SVF, as well as the results obtained in these studies and the safety of the use of the SVF in these applications. In an era where regenerative medicine and cell therapies have emerged promising therapeutic solutions for various pathologies and regenerative applications, the worldwide medical-scientific community has begun to increasingly exploit the potential of ADSCs and a worldwide dedication to investigating the relationship between the fat, the stromal vascular fraction and its regenerative potential in a wide range of preclinical and clinical studies in an expanding global market [ 4 , [101] , [102] , [103] , [104] , [105] , [106] , [107] , [108] , [109] ]. This can be explained by its greater availability and ease of extraction or its higher cell yield relative to other forms of stem cell extraction [ [9] , [10] , [11] ]; thus, SVF has become the focus of attention, discussion and investigation by both clinical and surgical specialties.…”

Towards Stem Cell Therapy for Critical-Sized Segmental Bone Defects: Current Trends and Challenges on the Path to Clinical Translation

“…Addressing this challenge remains an ongoing need in the field [ 43 ]. Innovative ASC isolation and liposuction technologies could improve standardisation in a facile, reproducible manner [ 47 ].…”

Tratamento Da Hipercromia Da Pálpebra Inferior Com Enxertia De Nanogordura

“…Concluindo que o processamento mecânico é mais fácil e fornece mais células-tronco. 64 A FVE (Fração vascular estromal) é produto do tecido adiposo, sua obtenção pode ser por métodos enzimáticos ou mecánicos. Por meios enzimáticos se usa a colagenase, é um processo muito manipulado, sendo uma terapia celular avançada que precisa da aprovação do comité de ética de pesquisa.…”