Fat perception in the human frontal operculum, insular and somatosensory cortex

Wistehube, Thomas; Rullmann, Michael; Wiacek, Claudia; Braun, P.M.; Pleger, Burkhard

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-30366-0

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…We identified that the operculum, which is also involved in gustatory processing (60)(61)(62), had decreased connectivity with the VTA under oxytocin administration. Similarly, we found that the somatosensory cortex had attenuated connectivity with the VTA under oxytocin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Oxytocin reduces the functional connectivity between brain regions involved in eating behavior in men with overweight and obesity

et al. 2019

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Background: Oxytocin (OXT), shown to decrease food intake in animal models and men, is a promising novel treatment for obesity. We have shown that in men with overweight and obesity, intranasal (IN) OXT reduced the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) blood oxygenation level-dependent signal in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the origin of the mesolimbic dopaminergic reward system, in response to high-calorie food vs. non-food images. Here, we employed functional connectivity fMRI analysis, which measures the synchrony in activation between neural systems in a context-dependent manner. We hypothesized that OXT would attenuate the functional connectivity of the VTA with key food motivation brain areas only when participants viewed high-calorie food stimuli.Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of 24 IU IN OXT included 10 men with overweight or obesity (mean±SEM BMI: 28.9±0.8 kg/m 2 ). Following drug administration, subjects completed an fMRI food motivation paradigm including images of high and low-calorie foods, non-food objects, and fixation stimuli. A psychophysiological interaction analysis was performed with the VTA as seed region.Users may view, print, copy, and download text and data-mine the content in such documents, for the purposes of academic research, subject always to the full Conditions of use:

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Oxytocin reduces the functional connectivity between brain regions involved in eating behavior in men with overweight and obesity

et al. 2019

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“…The reason for this is not completely clear. The participation of the sensorimotor cortex in the pathophysiology of CD (Prudente et al 2014 ; Quartarone and Hallett 2013 ; Shakkottai et al 2017 ) and the perception of the tactile components of taste (Mascioli et al 2015 ; Wistehube et al 2018 ) may play a role in gustatory decline in CD. Olfactory decline can lead to lower gustatory functioning (Landis et al 2010 ; Rolls et al 2005 ) and may have contributed to the present findings as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sensorimotor cortex receives afferent projections from the central gustatory tracts (Heckmann et al 2003 ; Mascioli et al 2015 ). In addition, functional imaging showed activation of the sensorimotor cortex with gustatory stimulation of the tongue (Mascioli et al 2015 ; Wistehube et al 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smell and taste in cervical dystonia

et al. 2020

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The pathophysiology of cervical dystonia is not completely understood. Current concepts of the pathophysiology propose that it is a network disorder involving the basal ganglia, cerebellum and sensorimotor cortex. These structures are primarily concerned with sensorimotor control but are also involved in non-motor functioning such as the processing of information related to the chemical senses. This overlap lets us hypothesize a link between cervical dystonia and altered sense of smell and taste. To prove this hypothesis and to contribute to the better understanding of cervical dystonia, we assessed olfactory and gustatory functioning in 40 adults with idiopathic cervical dystonia and 40 healthy controls. The Sniffin Sticks were used to assess odor threshold, discrimination and identification. Furthermore, the Taste Strips were applied to assess the combined taste score. Motor and non-motor deficits of cervical dystonia including neuropsychological and psychiatric alterations were assessed as cofactors for regression analyses. We found that cervical dystonia subjects had lower scores than healthy controls for odor threshold (5.8 ± 2.4 versus 8.0 ± 3.2; p = 0.001), odor identification (11.7 ± 2.3 versus 13.1 ± 1.3; p = 0.001) and the combined taste score (9.5 ± 2.2 versus 11.7 ± 2.7; p < 0.001), while no difference was found in odor discrimination (12.0 ± 2.5 versus 12.9 ± 1.8; p = 0.097). Regression analysis suggests that age is the main predictor for olfactory decline in subjects with cervical dystonia. Moreover, performance in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment is a predictor for gustatory decline in cervical dystonia subjects. Findings propose that cervical dystonia is associated with diminished olfactory and gustatory functioning.

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“…This finding is consistent with an imaging study [ 136 ]. Salt and water (both considered independent taste modalities) that were applied to one hemitongue resulted in an activation of the insular cortex and the inferior part of the postcentral gyrus in healthy human subjects [ 157 ]. Additionally, a clinicopathological study that was assessing subjects with chronic cerebral lesions reiterated that the insular cortex and the somatosensory cortex are important for processing information related to the sense of taste [ 157 ].…”

Section: Involvement Of the Basal Ganglia Cerebellum And Sensorimentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfaction as a Marker for Dystonia: Background, Current State and Directions

et al. 2020

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Dystonia is a heterogeneous group of hyperkinetic movement disorders. The unifying descriptor of dystonia is the motor manifestation, characterized by continuous or intermittent contractions of muscles that cause abnormal movements and postures. Additionally, there are psychiatric, cognitive, and sensory alterations that are possible or putative non-motor manifestations of dystonia. The pathophysiology of dystonia is incompletely understood. A better understanding of dystonia pathophysiology is highly relevant in the amelioration of significant disability associated with motor and non-motor manifestations of dystonia. Recently, diminished olfaction was found to be a potential non-motor manifestation that may worsen the situation of subjects with dystonia. Yet, this finding may also shed light into dystonia pathophysiology and yield novel treatment options. This article aims to provide background information on dystonia and the current understanding of its pathophysiology, including the key structures involved, namely, the basal ganglia, cerebellum, and sensorimotor cortex. Additionally, involvement of these structures in the chemical senses are reviewed to provide an overview on how olfactory (and gustatory) deficits may occur in dystonia. Finally, we describe the present findings on altered chemical senses in dystonia and discuss directions of research on olfactory dysfunction as a marker in dystonia.

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Fat perception in the human frontal operculum, insular and somatosensory cortex

Cited by 13 publications

References 33 publications

Oxytocin reduces the functional connectivity between brain regions involved in eating behavior in men with overweight and obesity

Oxytocin reduces the functional connectivity between brain regions involved in eating behavior in men with overweight and obesity

Smell and taste in cervical dystonia

Olfaction as a Marker for Dystonia: Background, Current State and Directions

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