Fat, Sugar, Whole Grains and Heart Disease: 50 Years of Confusion

Temple, Norman J.

doi:10.3390/nu10010039

Cited by 74 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 51 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It was demonstrated that the replacement of fat intake with refined carbohydrate was associated with elevated blood lipids and blood pressure [46,47]. This is a particular concern as refined carbohydrates (added sugar and SSB) have been also linked to the risk of heart disease due to its large consumption [48,49]. Although it is quite natural to experience peaks in TC and LDL-C levels during adolescence, an elevated LDL-C during adolescence was a significant predictor for 38% of dyslipidaemia cases in adulthood [50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of an empirical dietary pattern with cardiometabolic risk factors in Malaysian adolescents

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: This study aimed to identify a dietary pattern (DP) characterised mainly by high intakes of free sugar and other nutrients hypothesised to be associated with obesity such as dietary energy density (DED), percentage of energy from total fat and fibre density in adolescents from three southern states of Peninsular Malaysia, and its associations with cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study among 335 adolescents who provided both dietary information assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and biochemical parameters including lipid profile, blood glucose, serum insulin and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Anthropometric measurements included weight (kg), height (cm) and waist circumference (cm), while body mass index (BMI) in kg/ m 2 was estimated, respectively. Reduced rank regression (RRR) identified a DP with percentage of energy from sugar and total fat, DED and fibre density intake as response variables. Results: The identified 'high sugar, high fibre, high DED and low fat' DP was characterised by high intakes of sugarsweetened beverages, fruits, sweets and low intakes of meat and cereal. Adolescents in the highest tertile of the identified DP had about 3.0 (OR = 2.7; 95%CI: 1.3, 5.6) and 2.0 (OR = 1.9; 95%CI: 1.0, 3.5) times higher odds of having dyslipideamia or elevated total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol level, respectively compared to adolescents in the lowest tertile DP after adjusting for sex, school location, maternal education, physical activity, dietary misreporting and BMI z-score. This DP was not significantly associated with overweight and obesity. Conclusions: Higher adherence to a DP characterised mainly by free sugars and DED was associated with greater odds of having dyslipideamia, elevated total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels in Malaysian adolescents.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of an empirical dietary pattern with cardiometabolic risk factors in Malaysian adolescents

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, research on children has failed to associate fat intake to the lipidemic profile in CF [ 38 ], whereas on the other hand, it had been suggested that the high prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia observed in CF might be associated with an increased carbohydrate intake, and not the result of the high-fat diet [ 45 ]. Nevertheless, recommendations regarding the intake of SFA in CF retain the former low recommended SFA intake values, despite the existing evidence controversy and scientific debate [ 46 , 47 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to Dietary Recommendations, Nutrient Intake Adequacy and Diet Quality among Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Patients: Results from the GreeCF Study

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nutrition is an important component of cystic fibrosis (CF) therapy, with a high-fat diet being the cornerstone of treatment. However, adherence to the dietary recommendations for CF appears suboptimal and burdensome for most children and adolescents with CF, leading to malnutrition, inadequate growth, compromised lung function and increased risk for respiratory infections. A cross-sectional approach was deployed to examine the degree of adherence to the nutrition recommendations and diet quality among children with CF. A total of 76 children were recruited from Aghia Sophia’s Children Hospital, in Athens, Greece. In their majority, participants attained their ideal body weight, met the recommendations for energy and fat intake, exceeding the goal for saturated fatty acids consumption. Carbohydrate and fiber intake were suboptimal and most participants exhibited low or mediocre adherence to the Mediterranean diet prototype. It appears that despite the optimal adherence to the energy and fat recommendations, there is still room for improvement concerning diet quality and fiber intake.

show abstract

“…Although it is quite natural to experience peaks in TC and LDL-C levels during adolescence, it was suggested that elevated LDL-C concentrations among adolescents aged 12 to 18 years was a significant predictor for 38% of dyslipidaemia cases in adulthood after 20 years of follow-up (44). While saturated fatty acids was hypothesised to be associated with the development of heart disease in early 1970s, decades later, refined carbohydrates (added sugar and SSB) have been also linked to the risk of heart disease due to its large consumption (45,46).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of an empirical dietary pattern with cardiometabolic risk factors in Malaysian adolescents

Gan

Shariff

Zaini

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background This study aimed to identify a dietary pattern (DP) characterised mainly by high intakes of free sugar and other nutrients hypothesised to be associated with obesity such as dietary energy density (DED), percentage of energy from total fat and fibre density in adolescents from three southern states of Peninsular Malaysia, and its associations with cardiometabolic risk factors.Methods This is a cross-sectional study among 335 adolescents who provided both dietary information assessed using a validated My-UM food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and biochemical parameters including lipid profile, blood glucose, serum insulin and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Anthropometric measurements included weight (kg), height (cm) and waist circumference (cm), while body mass index (BMI) in kg/m 2 was estimated, respectively. Reduced rank regression (RRR) identified a DP with percentage of energy from sugar and total fat, DED and fibre density intake as response variables.Results The identified ‘high sugar, high fibre, high DED and low fat’ DP was characterised by high intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages, fruits, sweets and low intakes of meat and cereal. Adolescents in the highest tertile of the identified DP had about 3.0 (OR=2.7; 95%CI: 1.3, 5.6) and 2.0 (OR=1.9; 95%CI: 1.0, 3.5) times higher odds of having dyslipideamia or elevated total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol level, respectively compared to adolescents in the lowest tertile DP after adjusting for sex, school location, maternal education, physical activity, dietary misreporting and BMI z-score. This DP was not significantly associated with overweight and obesity.Conclusions Higher adherence to a DP characterised mainly by free sugars and DED was associated with greater odds of having dyslipideamia, elevated total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels in Malaysian adolescents.

show abstract

Fat, Sugar, Whole Grains and Heart Disease: 50 Years of Confusion

Cited by 74 publications

References 51 publications

Associations of an empirical dietary pattern with cardiometabolic risk factors in Malaysian adolescents

Associations of an empirical dietary pattern with cardiometabolic risk factors in Malaysian adolescents

Adherence to Dietary Recommendations, Nutrient Intake Adequacy and Diet Quality among Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Patients: Results from the GreeCF Study

Associations of an empirical dietary pattern with cardiometabolic risk factors in Malaysian adolescents

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About