Fatal and nonfatal accidents on the railways—a study of injuries to individuals. with particular reference to children and to nonfatal trauma

10 year evaluation of train accidents

“…However, they are more likely to result in death or irreparable damage, such as extremity amputations or paralysis. [1,3,8,19,20] The kinetic energy transferred by a moving train to a pedestrian is proportional to the mass and velocity of the train. Therefore, an enormous amount of energy is transferred to the body during impact, resulting in massive injuries and a high mortality rate.…”

“…[18] In accordance with the previous reports, falling from a train was a common form of train-pedestrian collision in our study population. [13,18,19] Accidents of this type mostly resulted in non-serious injuries, likely due to their occurrence before acceleration. This observation was supported by the findings of Goldberg et al, [3] who reported that train accidents do not always cause considerable morbidity or mortality.…”

“…Some intoxicated cases might be misleadingly reported as suicide, when in fact the fall may have been accidental. [1,15,18,19] Mortality and morbidity related with accidents usually correlate with MESS and Injury Severity Score (ISS). [3,13] We also found that RTS was positively correlated with mortality and morbidity.…”

A systematic review of the literature on safety measures to prevent railway suicides and trespassing accidents

“…Closing LCs (Nixon et al, 1985) or replacing them with over or under-passes is recommended to prevent suicide (Debbaut et al, 2013;van Houwelingen, 2011van Houwelingen, , 2013 and trespass especially in areas with dense train traffic (Silla and Kallberg, 2012). The safety operation of remaining LCs should be improved by ensuring appropriate physical conditions and sufficient warnings (Ozdo gan et al, 2006), as well as active warning devices (Evans, 2011;Savage, 2006).…”

“…DaSilva and Carroll, 2011;FRA, 2011;Lobb, 2006;RSSB, 2005;Silla and Luoma, 2009). It is also proposed as a general safety strategy against accidents (Horton, 2009;Mohanty et al, 2007;Nixon et al, 1985;Patterson, 2004). Education can be conducted in and outside of schools.…”