Fatal Attraction: How Security Threats Hurt Tourism

Fourie, Johan; Nadal, Jaume Rosselló; Santana-Gallego, María

doi:10.1177/0047287519826208

Cited by 106 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…This research develops a gravity model for international tourism flows to quantify the effects of different types of natural and man-made disasters on tourist arrivals to the affected countries. Gravity models are commonly used in the trade literature (Anderson, 2011), and increasingly in tourism research (Fourie, Rossell� o-Nadal, & Santana-Gallego, 2019;Khadaroo & Seetanah, 2008;Santeramo & Morelli, 2015). These models consider that international flows between two countries are directly proportional to their economic size, and inversely proportional to the distance between them.…”

Section: Gravity Model For Tourism Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the consequences of this choice is that time-invariant country pair characteristics (such as distance or common borders) and time-variant origin country characteristics (such as income or population in the origin countries) are not explicitly included in the model. Specific consideration is not necessary, because all these variables are captured by these fixed effects, as also suggested by Balli, Ghassan, and Jeefri (2019), Fourie et al (2019) or Giambona, Dreassi, and Magrini (2018). This is a common practice in the development of gravity models in order to avoid omitted factor bias, and instead focus on the variables of interest for the particular research question.…”

Section: Gravity Model For Tourism Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Third, we also consider an instability indicator that concerns safety and security of visitors when they travel to a destination. Whilst there are different ways for evaluating safety and security at international level (See Cr� o & Martins, 2017b;Cr� o, Martins, Simões, & Calisto, 2018;Fourie et al, 2019or Santana-Gallego, Fourie, & Rossell� o, 2020 in this case, and due to data coverage reasons, we use a proxy of the crime rate defined as the number of homicides per 10,000 inhabitants in the destination country (Crime jt ). Data also stem from the WDI.…”

Section: Data Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The effects of natural disasters on international tourism: A global analysis

2020

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Tourism is shaped by a wide range of factors and forces, including exogenous ones that have no direct link with the tourism sector. Natural disasters and unexpected events are prime examples of such determining factors, as they have profound effects on individuals and society, and as a result have the potential to affect tourism flows considerably. Several theoretical arguments exist why natural disasters and unexpected events could influence tourist destination choices. However, empirical research to confirm the nature and extent of impacts of disasters on tourism is lacking. To address this gap, this paper incorporates a dataset on natural and man-made disaster events into a model of international tourism flows to evaluate the effect of different types of disasters on international arrivals at the national level. Findings provide evidence that the occurrence of different types of event change tourist flows to varying degrees. Although in some cases a positive effect is estimated, in general the impacts are negative, resulting in reduced tourist arrivals following an event. Understanding the relationship between disaster events and tourism is helpful for destination managers who make critical decisions in relation to recovery, reconstruction and marketing.

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Section: Gravity Model For Tourism Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gravity Model For Tourism Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of natural disasters on international tourism: A global analysis

2020

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“…Grounded upon the 4M analysis framework and safety system theory, this research conceptualized TPSD as a multi-dimensional construct consisting of humans, facilities and equipment, environments, and management (4Ms). George, 2010;Williams and Baláž, 2013;Sharifpour, Walters and Ritchie, 2014;Fourie et al, 2020). For example, the phenomenon of misbehavior is common in tour groups.…”

Section: Tourist Perceived Safety At Destinations (Tpsd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a Scale to Measure Tourist Perceived Safety

Xie

Zhang

Morrison

2020

Journal of Travel Research

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Safety for tourists at places visited is essential to their enjoyment and experiences, as well as a determinant of destination success. Yet, little attention has been paid to the conceptualization and scale development for tourist perceived safety at destinations (TPSD). The primary purpose of this research was to identify the dimensions of TPSD and develop a scale for measuring it based on safety system theory. A three-stage study in a mixed-method design was conducted to develop and validate TPSD. Stage 1 identified the dimensions and initial items of TPSD through extensive literature reviewing and content analysis of travel blogs. In stage 2 (n = 300), an explanatory factor analysis was conducted to refine and validate the preliminary items. Stage 3 (n = 1,830) provided empirical support for a 20-item, five-dimension (human, facility and equipment, natural environment, social environment, management) TPSD scale through confirmatory factor analysis.

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“…In addition, study by Simpson and Siguaw [61] revealed significant country and ethnic differences in different types of the perceived risk, while Slovic et al [66], for instance, showed that people from different cultures differ in their perception of health risks. Moreover, the study by Fourie et al [74] showed that levels of safety and security in tourists' origin country can influence their destination risk perception. Specifically, they have found that tourists from stable countries prefer traveling to countries with the same conditions, while tourists from unstable countries are more tolerant with insecurity at the destination country.…”

Section: Sociodemographic Characteristics and Risk Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What are the Factors affecting Tourist Behavior based on the Perception of Risk? Romanian and Serbian Tourists’ Perspective in the Aftermath of the recent Floods and Wildfires in Greece

et al. 2020

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During the summer season 2018 and 2019, natural hazards (namely, floods and wildfires) have occurred at some of the most popular tourist destinations in Greece, endangering tourists' safety and vacation quality. These have influenced tourists' perception of Greece as a "potentially risky destination, “causing a decrease in the number of tourists willing to visit this country. However, the current study assumes that some tourists will show more courageous travel behavior in the aftermath of natural hazards, while others will remain cautious when deciding to travel to risky destinations. Therefore, the questionnaire on a sample group of 431 respondents from Serbia and Romania was conducted to explore the factors influencing such differences. The study aims to explore whether tourists' individual characteristics influence tourism worries and tourist behavior based on perceived risks. The study also intends to analyze the moderating role of tourists' nationality, considering the relationship between personality and tourist behavior based on the perceived risk. The findings provide evidence that not only tourists’ personality but also sociodemographic characteristics influence tourism worries and tourist behavior based on the perceived risk. Additionally, the study is the first to explore and confirm the role of nationality in tourist behavior based on the perceived risk, as well as the moderation role of nationality in regression between tourist’s personality and behavior based on the perception of risk. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in the paper.

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Fatal Attraction: How Security Threats Hurt Tourism

Cited by 106 publications

References 60 publications

The effects of natural disasters on international tourism: A global analysis

The effects of natural disasters on international tourism: A global analysis

Developing a Scale to Measure Tourist Perceived Safety

What are the Factors affecting Tourist Behavior based on the Perception of Risk? Romanian and Serbian Tourists’ Perspective in the Aftermath of the recent Floods and Wildfires in Greece

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