Fatal Canid herpesvirus 1 infection in an adult dog

Abstract

Abstract. Canid herpesvirus 1 (CaHV-1) is a well-known cause of fatal hepatic and renal necrosis in neonatal puppies. In adult dogs infected with CaHV-1, papulovesicular genital lesions may be observed. CaHV-1 infection during pregnancy can lead to embryonic resorption, abortion, and stillbirth. In high-density dog populations, CaHV-1 can also contribute to kennel cough. Furthermore, recent literature has clearly documented that CaHV-1 can induce ocular disease in immature and adult dogs. The current study describes a case of fatal CaHV-1 infection in a 9-year-old spayed female Bichon Frise dog. Following a history of vomiting and diarrhea, the dog deteriorated and subsequently died. The main lesions were multifocal areas of necrosis with intranuclear inclusion bodies in the liver, adrenal gland, and small intestine, similar to the lesions observed in CaHV-1-infected puppies. Infection with CaHV-1 was confirmed on samples of liver by polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization. There was no indication of immunosuppression in this dog. Based on the results presented herein, CaHV-1 should be included in the list of differential diagnoses of hepatic necrosis in adult dogs.

Viral molecular and pathological investigations ofCanid herpesvirus1 infection associated respiratory disease and acute death in dogs

“…Recently, CaHV-1 infection in clinically healthy adult dogs has been reported to cause severe acute respiratory problems [9], and hepatic necrosis without any respiratory signs [8]. However, the prevalence was quite rare.…”

“…After necropsy, the distinct lesion of CaHV-1 is seen as a generalized necrotizing and hemorrhagic disease, most obvious in the vital organs, such as the lung, liver, kidneys and spleen [8,9], although a similar fi nding is also evident in other organs, including the small intestine, adrenal glands, brain, heart, pancreas, stomach and eyes [10]. Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies might be present in the epithelial cells of the trachea, bronchi, lung, liver and kidneys, suggesting that inclusion bodies might be consistent with a fulminant CaHV-1 infection based on a high infection level of viral genomic DNA [11].…”

Prevalence of canid herpesvirus-1 infection in stillborn and dead neonatal puppies in Denmark

“…In situ hybridization for CaHV-1 was performed on serial sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues using an automated slide-processing system as previously described [ 19 ]. Briefly, sections of the selected tissue samples were prepared at 5 μm thickness and placed on positively charged slides.…”

Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease

“…52,57 CHV-1 also has been isolated from lung and tracheal specimens from dogs with rhinitis and pharyngitis, and a high seroprevalence has been noted in dogs housed in kennel situations, implicating it as a CIRDC pathogen. [58][59][60][61][62] Experimental infections of dogs with CHV-1 can lead to rhinitis, tracheobronchitis, and ocular signs, including keratitis and conjunctivitis. 63 CHV-1 infects the epithelial cells of the upper-respiratory mucosa, and the incubation period is 6 to 10 days.…”