Fatal Myocarditis in Choline Deficient Rats Fed Ethyl Laurate

The impact of dietary choline-deprivation on kidneys and heart of stz-induced diabetic rats

“…The severity of the lesions in experimentally induced choline deficiency is species, sex and diet dependent and heart morbidity is more severe in male rodents following consumption of high fat diets (Wilgram et al, 1954;Hove et al, 1957;Newberne and Salmon, 1963). Findings of previous reports have demonstrated myocardial monocyte infiltration in the dietary choline deficiency species, along with the cardiac interstitial edema and fibrosis (Kesten et al, 1945;Wilgram et al, 1954;Wilgram, 1957;Williams, 1960;Repetto et al, 2010), however, the deleterious effects of choline deficiency on the cardiac valves, involve valvular inflammation and fibrosis. In contrast to previous studies, Strilakou and her colleages in 2013 did not observe any fat deposits in the myocardium, arterial thromboses or pericardial effusions in 4-week choline deprived adults rats.…”

“…Choline seems to have a major physiological role in the development and function of the cardiovascular system in rodents and choline deficiency has been associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity or even mortality (Kesten et al, 1945;Wilgrametal., 1954;Wilgram, 1957;Williams, 1960;Newberne and Salmon, 1963;Repetto et al, 2010). Furthermore, choline is a precursor of acetylcholine, which is a basic neurotransmitter of the autonomous nervous system that regulates chronotropic and dromotropic responses of the heart.…”

“…Furthermore, choline is a precursor of acetylcholine, which is a basic neurotransmitter of the autonomous nervous system that regulates chronotropic and dromotropic responses of the heart. However, most of the data regard weanling and young rats (Kesten et al, 1945;Wilgram et al, 1954, Wilgram, 1957Repetto et al, 2010) and little is known about the effects observed in older rodents.…”

“…Choline-deprivation has been reported to cause a constellation of cardiac manifestations, including myocardial fibrosis, restrictive pericarditis, myocardial necrosis, fatty deposits inside the myocardium, mononuclear cell myocardial infiltration, pericardial effusions and artery thrombosis (Kesten et al, 1945;Wilgram et al, 1954;Wilgram, 1957;Hove et al, 1957;Williams1960;Newberne and Salmon, 1963;Repetto et al, 2010). The severity of the lesions in experimentally induced choline deficiency is species, sex and diet dependent and heart morbidity is more severe in male rodents following consumption of high fat diets (Wilgram et al, 1954;Hove et al, 1957;Newberne and Salmon, 1963).…”

“…In contrast to previous studies, Strilakou and her colleages in 2013 did not observe any fat deposits in the myocardium, arterial thromboses or pericardial effusions in 4-week choline deprived adults rats. This discrepancies, according to the existing literature, may be due to the different animal species, the duration of the dietary manipulation and concentration in the choline deficient diets used (Kesten et al, 1945;Williams, 1960;Newberneand Salmon, 1963).…”