Fatal Stroke after the Death of a Sibling: A Nationwide Follow-Up Study from Sweden

Rostila, Mikael; Saarela, Jan; Kawachi, Ichiro

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056994

Cited by 28 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…We included six studies: five cohort studies and one case‐crossover study . All studies were conducted in Europe or the USA (Table ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We included six studies: five cohort studies and one case‐crossover study . All studies were conducted in Europe or the USA (Table ). Five studies found that the loss of a first‐degree relative was associated with a 1.1‐ to 2.4‐fold higher risk of stroke .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All studies were conducted in Europe or the USA (Table ). Five studies found that the loss of a first‐degree relative was associated with a 1.1‐ to 2.4‐fold higher risk of stroke . However, the study by Rostila et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk of stroke after bereavement-a systematic literature review

2017

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Several studies have suggested that psychological stress may increase the risk of stroke. However, this link remains a controversial issue because of conflicting findings. Bereavement, the loss of a close relative, is considered a severely stressful life event. Increased risk of stroke could thus be expected after bereavement if stress plays a causal role. We aimed to evaluate the association between bereavement and stroke by performing a systematic review of the existing literature. The literature search was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. A search in Medline and Embase identified eligible studies, which were reviewed by two researchers independently according to specific inclusion criteria. We included six studies: five cohort studies and one case-crossover study. Five studies found that loss of a first-degree relative was associated with a 1.1- to 2.4-fold higher risk of stroke. However, one study found a statistically significant overall risk only for women. Five studies evaluated the risk of stroke according to time since the loss; one study found no association, two studies indicated short-term effect, one study indicated long-term effect, and one study indicated both short-term and long-term effect. Three studies stratified their analysis by sex; two found higher association in bereaved women than men. Our systematic review suggests that bereavement-related stress is associated with a higher risk of stroke. As relatively few studies were identified, new studies are needed to verify this association. These should aim to quantify the risk, describe the effect of time since bereavement, and identify risk-modifying factors.

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“…We included six studies: five cohort studies and one case‐crossover study . All studies were conducted in Europe or the USA (Table ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk of stroke after bereavement-a systematic literature review

2017

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“…Rostila et al [22] showed that the death of a close one could lead to serious medical conditions and sometimes death. Bereavement is known to affect people who are related to the deceased and at times even those who are not related to the deceased (Mathews et al [23] and Nazarko[24] ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preference of the place of death among people of Pune

Kulkarni¹,

Kulkarni²,

Anavkar³

2014

Indian J Palliat Care

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Aim:Provision of end-of-life care requires that we have adequate information about the preferred place of death in the population. Since no such study is reported in India, this study was taken up in and around Pune, a large cosmopolitan city.Setting and Design:A questionnaire was designed in three parts and distributed among the people above the age of 18 in and around Pune.Materials and Methods:The questionnaire had three parts the first being a consent form, followed by one for collection of personal information and lastly questions specific to the subject matter. Filled forms were screened for inconsistencies, gaps of information and errors.Results:The population survey was mixed, both urban and rural, men and women, educated and uneducated, young and old. Despite this heterogeneity, the results were consistent to the point that most of the people surveyed preferred home as the place of death. This preference cuts across all barriers, the only difference being that women had a stronger preference for home death compared to men.Conclusions:Helping people to die at their preferred place is a part of end-of-life care. Majority of people surveyed by us, prefer to die at home, where they are relatively more comfortable. Public and governmental policies should be directed toward facilitating home deaths.

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“…Sibling bereavement is an experience with a very sparse literature and thus the consequences of losing a sibling are unclear. A series of Swedish national cohort studies revealed increased mortality of bereaved siblings when compared to non‐bereaved controls. These analyses, however, were restricted to adult sibling populations and did not examine outcomes other than death.…”

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confidence: 99%

Bereavement after sibling death: a population‐based longitudinal case‐control study

Bolton

Château

et al. 2016

World Psychiatry

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The objective of this study was to examine mental disorders and treatment use among bereaved siblings in the general population. Siblings (N57243) of all deceased children in the population of Manitoba, Canada who died between 1984 and 2009 were matched 1:3 to control siblings (N521,729) who did not have a sibling die in the study period. Generalized estimating equations were used to compare the two sibling groups in the two years before and after the index child's death on physician-diagnosed mental disorders and treatment utilization, with adjustment for confounding factors including pre-existing mental illness. Analyses were stratified by age of the bereaved (<13 vs. 131). Results revealed that, in the two years after the death of the child, bereaved siblings had significantly higher rates of mental disorders than control siblings, even after adjusting for pre-existing mental illness. When comparing the effect of a child's death on younger versus older siblings, the rise in depression rates from pre-death to post-death was significantly higher for siblings aged under 13 (p<0.0001), increasing more than 7-fold (adjusted relative rate, ARR57.25, 95% CI: 3.65-14.43). Bereaved siblings aged 131 had substantial morbidity in the two years after the death: 25% were diagnosed with a mental disorder (vs. 17% of controls), and they had higher rates of almost all mental disorder outcomes compared to controls, including twice the rate of suicide attempts (ARR52.01, 95% CI: 1.29-3.12). Siblings in the bereaved cohort had higher rates of alcohol and drug use disorders already before the death of their sibling. In conclusion, the death of a child is associated with considerable mental disorder burden among surviving siblings. Pre-existing health problems and social disadvantage do not fully account for the increase in mental disorder rates.Key words: Sibling, bereavement, epidemiology, depression, suicide, mental disorder (World Psychiatry 2016;15:59-66) Most children have a sibling 1 . While fertility rates are lower in Western nations and family sizes have diminished in recent decades, the majority of households with children in the U.S. in 2010 had two or more children 2 . Each year more than 40,000 children and adolescents die in the U.S., leaving a substantial number of bereaved siblings 3 .Sibling bereavement is an experience with a very sparse literature and thus the consequences of losing a sibling are unclear. A series of Swedish national cohort studies revealed increased mortality of bereaved siblings when compared to non-bereaved controls 4-8 . These analyses, however, were restricted to adult sibling populations and did not examine outcomes other than death.Other smaller studies have examined bereavement experiences related to specific causes of sibling death, namely cancer and suicide, with mixed findings 9-12 . One study of cancerrelated bereavement showed no differences in anxiety and depression between bereaved and non-bereaved siblings 13 , while other descriptive case series found anxiety, substance mis...

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Fatal Stroke after the Death of a Sibling: A Nationwide Follow-Up Study from Sweden

Cited by 28 publications

References 24 publications

Risk of stroke after bereavement-a systematic literature review

Risk of stroke after bereavement-a systematic literature review

Preference of the place of death among people of Pune

Bereavement after sibling death: a population‐based longitudinal case‐control study

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