Fatal Tractor Accidents in the Agricultural Sector in Spain during the Past Decade

Jarén, Carmen; Ibarrola, Alicia; Mangado, Txuma; Adin, Aritz; Arnal, P.; López-Maestresalas, Ainara; Ríos, Alonso; Arazuri, Silvia

doi:10.3390/agronomy12071694

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…For example, in Italy [ 11 ], 76.8% of the territory is classified as mountainous. Another good example is Spain, where the region of Asturias [ 12 , 13 ], characterized by a relatively steep slope, has a high level of accidents with agricultural machinery.…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Solution to Prevent and Minimize the Consequences of Accidents with Farm Tractors in the Context of Mountainous Regions with Low Population Density

Alves,

Matos

2023

Sensors

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Farm tractors have become a key part of daily routine agriculture, converting complex and time-consuming tasks into tasks that are easier to perform and less dependent on human labor, contributing directly to increasing the economic value generated by this activity sector, either by increasing the productivity or by making certain agricultural crops viable, which otherwise would not be sustainable. However, despite all the advantages, accidents with this type of equipment are common, often with critical and sometimes fatal consequences. The evolution of safety requirements of these machines has occurred at a good level; however, a significant part of the agricultural tractors in use are older models that do not have such solutions. Even in the new models, which contain such solutions, these are not always correctly used, and it is even common that they are turned off or simply not used at all. It is therefore natural that accidents continue to occur, a situation that is aggravated by other factors. Lack of situational awareness of the operators, which can result from advanced age, inadequate training, reduced sensitivity/respect for safety rules, or working on irregular terrain like mountainous areas, contribute to high-risk contexts that end in the loss of human life. The consequences of such accidents are clearly aggravated by the time it takes to assist the victims—either because accidents are simply not identified/reported immediately, or by the time it takes to locate and provide help to the victims. This is a scenario that is more common in mountainous regions and regions with low population density. The current paper, using NB-IoT, a set of sensors, and a web application, presents a conceptual toolset conceived to prevent accidents and minimize consequences (human and material) that can be applied to old and new farm tractors. The development was carried out taking the characterization of the farmers and the land in the region in which the authors’ research institution is located into account, which has the highest rate of fatal accidents with agricultural tractors in the country; it is a region of mountainous with a very low population density.

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Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Solution to Prevent and Minimize the Consequences of Accidents with Farm Tractors in the Context of Mountainous Regions with Low Population Density

Alves,

Matos

2023

Sensors

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“…In the United States and EU, agricultural activities are associated with approximately three times more accidents than other activities, and 80% of these accidents involve agricultural machinery, with tractors being the leading cause [16]. In Spain, an analysis of approximately 200 agricultural accidents between 2004 and 2013 revealed that 69% of machinery-related accidents were caused by tractors and that 30% of those were rollover accidents [17]. Similarly, in Turkey, an analysis of 85 deaths resulting from tractor overturning and rollover from 2000 to 2007 revealed that 53 deaths (61.6%) occurred on fields, farmland, and ridges [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral Overturning and Backward Rollover of Agricultural Tractors: A Review

Jang,

Kim,

Shin

et al. 2024

Agriculture

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Tractor accidents caused by lateral overturning and backward rollover during agricultural activities and general driving are common. In this study, various research cases were analyzed to identify the factors influencing the lateral overturning and backward rollover of tractors and to examine their static and dynamic stability. Studies on the analysis of the major causes of these incidents and evaluation of tractor safety were compiled. Test methods, including actual tests and simulations, were categorized, and the characteristics of lateral overturning and backward rollover safety of tractors in different studies were examined. Additionally, safety improvement measures were proposed by identifying and summarizing the causes of accidents involving agricultural machinery. Tractor safety was evaluated primarily by conducting actual tractor and simulation tests. These tests were classified into field tests, tests on scale models, spreadsheet programs, and 3D simulation programs. The primary causes of lateral overturning and backward rollover were unstable center of gravity, extremely high driving speed, and ground conditions. Given the considerable number of studies dedicated to evaluating tractor safety, various technologies aimed at preventing lateral overturning and backward rollover incidents are expected to be applied to tractors in the future. The production and testing of safe agricultural machinery are expected to contribute to a reduction in accident rates.

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“…Ref. [1] associated areas with the highest number of accidents with steep terrain, an older tractor fleet, and horticultural crops and vineyards. Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing the Effect of Chassis Torsional Flexibility on the Rollover Threshold of a Multi-Purpose Agricultural Vehicle

Belloni,

Vignati,

Sabbioni

2024

Vehicles

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Multi-purpose agricultural tractors are vehicles that are usually involved in different operations, including road maintenance in small villages and cultivation of small agricultural plots, particularly in mountainous areas. These vehicles typically feature narrow tracks to enhance manoeuvrability, making rollover stability a critical consideration in operational settings. This characteristic arises from the interplay between the suspension and vehicle chassis. This paper introduces a numerical multi-body model designed to replicate the dynamics of a multi-purpose tractor with a torsional chassis. Model parameters were derived through experimental measurements conducted on an actual vehicle. Static measurements were performed to assess tire and suspension stiffness while tilting tests were performed to establish the static rollover limit of the vehicle. Dynamic tests conducted on a four-post test rig characterised the vehicle’s dynamics. The validated model was utilised to explore the vehicle’s stability by reproducing the static rollover tests and simulating the vehicle’s performance under working conditions on a banked road. The vehicle rollover stability was studied by performing a sensitivity analysis that considered both chassis torsional stiffness and suspension stiffness under different loading conditions. The results indicate a trade-off between frame and suspension stiffnesses that enhances overall vehicle stability.

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Fatal Tractor Accidents in the Agricultural Sector in Spain during the Past Decade

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

A Solution to Prevent and Minimize the Consequences of Accidents with Farm Tractors in the Context of Mountainous Regions with Low Population Density

A Solution to Prevent and Minimize the Consequences of Accidents with Farm Tractors in the Context of Mountainous Regions with Low Population Density

Lateral Overturning and Backward Rollover of Agricultural Tractors: A Review

Analysing the Effect of Chassis Torsional Flexibility on the Rollover Threshold of a Multi-Purpose Agricultural Vehicle

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