Fatal Unintentional Non-Fire Related Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Data from Narrative Verdicts in England and Wales, 1998–2019

Abstract

Unintentional non-fire related (UNFR) carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning continues to cause fatalities. The narrative verdicts from coroners concerning fatal UNFR CO poisoning in England and Wales, 1998–2019, were collated by the Office for National Statistics. Search terms related to CO exposure were used to obtain information regarding the circumstances of death. Findings were grouped by the location of death, the source of CO, and the reason or behaviour underlying the exposure. There were 750 deaths (77% male). The annual number of deaths decreased over the period studied. Two thirds (68%) of the deaths occurred in the autumn or winter. From the records with information, 59% of deaths occurred within a dwelling (67% male). Males also predominated deaths within vehicles (91%) and garages or outbuildings (95%). From the deaths with information, domestic piped gas was the most common source of CO (36%) and the most frequent underlying factor was inadequate ventilation of exhaust gases (39%, 91% male). Despite the decrease in the annual number of deaths over the study period, there remains a clear need for measures that raise awareness of the dangers of CO poisoning, especially amongst men working alone in garages or outbuildings. Education campaigns and fitting and maintaining CO alarms in high-risk areas should be encouraged.

Spatial and temporal trends and risk factors for intentional carbon monoxide poisoning hospitalizations in England between 2002 and 2016

“…In addition, we also observed high rates among adults above 80 years old. This follows a similar pattern to that observed in our previous study assessing trends in accidental CO poisoning hospital admissions (Roca-Barceló et al, 2020) and deaths (Close et al, 2022), as well as in all-cause suicides. For the elderly, a stronger level of dependency, deterioration of mental and physical health and social loneliness are some factors which have been previously suggested to explain raises in suicide rates in this age group (WHO, 2014).…”

Screening patients for unintentional carbon monoxide exposure in the Emergency Department: a cross-sectional multi-centre study

“…2,3 Comparable rates are reported in other countries with higher incidence in lower socioeconomic groups. [4][5][6][7] Common sources of CO found in indoor environments are incorrectly installed, poorly maintained, inappropriately used, or poorly ventilated fossil fuel and wood burning heating and cooking appliances. [8][9][10] CO poisoning is diagnosed by a clinical triad: symptoms consistent with CO poisoning, history of recent CO exposure and elevated carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) levels.…”