Fatally injured drivers in Norway 2005–2015—Trends in substance use and crash characteristics

Valen, Anja; Bogstrand, Stig Tore; Vindenes, Vigdis; Frost, Joachim; Larsson, Magnus; Holtan, Anders; Gjerde, Hallvard

doi:10.1080/15389588.2019.1616700

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 131 publications

(178 reference statements)

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“…Driving under the influence of drugs and/or alcohol is a critical risk factor that impairs driving skills (Behnood and Mannering, 2017;Bukova-Zideluna and Villerusa, 2016;de Oña et al, 2014;Goss et al, 2008;Khanjani et al, 2017;Valen et al, 2019) because of reduced sense of risk and reaction time, drowsiness, speeding and aggressive behavior behind the wheel (Madrid, 2010). Excess speed or aggressive driving is considered as one of the most influential driving behaviors in fatal accidents (WHO, 2017), as slight increases in speed considerably raise the risk of being in an accident and the severity of the injuries (Castillo-Manzano et al, 2019;Pešić et al, 2019).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wu and Zhang (2018) demonstrated that the risk of having severe injuries is higher for alcohol-impaired drivers when the drivers are 65 years old or older and when the drivers make left turns in intersections. Valen et al (2019) reported that at least one of the risk factors speeding, non-use of a seatbelt/helmet, and driving without a valid license were present among most of the drug/alcohol-impaired drivers fatally injured.…”

Section: Trends In Alcohol-related Accidentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitivity analysis of driver's behavior and psychophysical conditions

et al. 2020

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Trends In Alcohol-related Accidentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity analysis of driver's behavior and psychophysical conditions

et al. 2020

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“…Using this information, the Norwegian Public Roads Administration revealed that in the period 2005-2015, 40% of fatal road traffic crashes in Norway were related to speeding, and at least 21% of the crashes were related to alcohol or drug use; 41% of car occupants killed had not used a seatbelt, and 19% of motorcycle riders killed had not used a helmet (Grimstad and Engebretsen, 2016). When considering only car/van drivers killed, 33.5% had not used a seatbelt during 2005-2015 (Valen et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological findings in suspected drug-impaired drivers in Norway — Trends during 1990–2015

Valen

Bogstrand

Vindenes

et al. 2017

Forensic Science International

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This study describes trends in drug use among drivers suspected of driving under the influence of drugs, apprehended by the police in Norway during 1990-2015. Chromatographically determined toxicological findings in blood samples were retrospectively investigated. Drug findings above defined cut-off concentrations were considered positive; hence making the annual prevalence comparable during the 26 years studied. Blood samples from 112,348 drivers were included, of which 63% were positive for drugs; 43% had combined drug with alcohol or other drugs. In total, 87% of the drug-positive drivers were men, and a higher proportion of them were positive for illicit drugs compared to the women. Benzodiazepines and related drugs were found in 57% of the drug-positive drivers, stimulants in 51%, cannabis (tetrahydrocannabinol, THC) in 34%, and opioids in 18%. The types of benzodiazepines and opioids changed over time. The age distribution also changed; the proportion of drug-positive drivers above 40 years of age increased for all drug classes. The annual number of suspected drug-impaired drivers increased by 122% from 1990 to 1999, and by 54% from 2000 to 2015; the annual number of drug-positive samples increased by 260% from 1990 to 1999, and by 60% from 2000 to 2015. During 2000-2015, an increasing prevalence of amphetamines was found among suspected drug-impaired drivers above age 30; the highest rate of increase was observed among those at or above age 40. In the same period, the prevalence of benzodiazepines and related drugs decreased among all age groups, whereas the prevalence of THC increased; the highest prevalence and rate of increase were among suspected drug-impaired drivers under the age of 30. The results from this study indicate a slight change in the types of drugs used by drivers in Norway.

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“…Unlike Sweden, Norway focuses more on road users and more extensive road safety measures. In short, Vision Zero in Norway places greater emphasis on road safety in terms of road systems and traffic technology [ 58 ].…”

Section: Status Of Vision Zeromentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualization and Analysis of Global Vision Zero Studies and Policy Orientation in China

Fan

Yan

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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As a policy that is widely used worldwide, Vision Zero is a long-term strategic goal for road safety in China. The aim of this paper is to examine the literature in the field of Vision Zero retrieved by the Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection database from 1997 to 2021 based on mapping knowledge domain (MKD) and bibliometric methods. In this paper, we analyzed the overall development level of Vision Zero at different stages using the statistical analysis of the distribution of literature years. Based on the analysis, four major research directions of Vision Zero are obtained through keywords co-occurrence analysis, including “Vision Zero in road safety”, “vulnerable road users’ risks”, “effect of speed on severity”, and “responsibility management for crashes”. Furthermore, we explore the influence and development potential of each country and region of Vision Zero based on the number and citation frequency of the literature, and the distribution of time dimensions. Among the research topics, all countries and regions are clustered into four clusters, and the current status of Vision Zero for countries in the most influential clusters, which include Sweden, the United States, Australia, China, and Norway, have been presented. Finally, an analysis of road safety in China is carried out, which includes displaying the changes in the number of road accidents, fatalities, and serious injuries in China between 2009 and 2018, comparing the fatalities per 10,000 vehicles and the fatalities per 100,000 people between China and other countries, and describing China’s strategic routes toward Vision Zero.

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Fatally injured drivers in Norway 2005–2015—Trends in substance use and crash characteristics

Cited by 14 publications

References 131 publications

Sensitivity analysis of driver's behavior and psychophysical conditions

Sensitivity analysis of driver's behavior and psychophysical conditions

Toxicological findings in suspected drug-impaired drivers in Norway — Trends during 1990–2015

Visualization and Analysis of Global Vision Zero Studies and Policy Orientation in China

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