Fate and behavior of inorganic constituents of RDF in a two stage fluid bed-plasma gasification plant

Materazzi, Massimiliano; Lettieri, Paola; Mazzei, Luca; Taylor, Richard; Chapman, Chris

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2015.02.059

Cited by 43 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The full and more detailed description of the apparatus and plant operation for this test, as well as slag characterization and material recovery description, have been already published (Materazzi et al, 2014(Materazzi et al, , 2015a and not reported in this paper. Fig.…”

Section: Experimental Apparatus and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance analysis of RDF gasification in a two stage fluidized bed–plasma process

Materazzi

Lettieri

Taylor³

et al. 2016

Waste Management

106

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The major technical problems faced by stand-alone fluidized bed gasifiers (FBG) for waste-to gas applications are intrinsically related to the composition and physical properties of waste materials, such as RDF. The high quantity of ash and volatile material in RDF can provide a decrease in thermal output, create high ash clinkering, and increase emission of tars and CO2, thus affecting the operability for clean syngas generation at industrial scale. By contrast, a two-stage process which separates primary gasification and selective tar and ash conversion would be inherently more forgiving and stable. This can be achieved with the use of a separate plasma converter, which has been successfully used in conjunction with conventional thermal treatment units, for the ability to 'polish' the producer gas by organic contaminants and collect the inorganic fraction in a molten (and inert) state. This research focused on the performance analysis of a two-stage fluid bed gasification-plasma process to transform solid waste into clean syngas. Thermodynamic assessment using the two-stage equilibrium method was carried out to determine optimum conditions for the gasification of RDF and to understand the limitations and influence of the second stage on the process performance (gas heating value, cold gas efficiency, carbon conversion efficiency), along with other parameters. Comparison with a different thermal refining stage, i.e. thermal cracking (via partial oxidation) was also performed. The analysis is supported by experimental data from a pilot plant.

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Section: Experimental Apparatus and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance analysis of RDF gasification in a two stage fluidized bed–plasma process

Materazzi

Lettieri

Taylor³

et al. 2016

Waste Management

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…), due to the unfavourable and inconsistent characteristics of the feedstock [17]. Conventional gasification and bio-SNG systems have characteristics which make them inherently unstable when operating on wastes, and achieving high levels of availability required with a heterogeneous waste derived fuel is technically difficult [18]. As a result, combinations of new gasification technologies and methanation steps are being developed in parallel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…bubbling fluidised bed) and a high temperature refining stage, such as an ash melting furnace or a plasma converter. The high temperature in the second stage can be used to break down tar and thiophenes enhancing the quality of the syngas remarkably, and to vitrify the ashes generated from the first stage, which would otherwise pose both operational and disposal problems as occurs for most other thermochemical waste conversion processes [17], [18], [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of syngas methanation for bio-SNG production from wastes: kinetic model development and pilot scale validation

Materazzi

Grimaldi

Foscolo

et al. 2017

Fuel Processing Technology

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Bio-substitute natural gas (or bio-SNG) produced from gasification of waste fuels and subsequent methanation of the product gas could play a crucial role in the decarbonisation of heating and transportation, and could be a vital part of the energy mix in the coming decades. Although the methanation of trace quantities of carbon oxides has been practiced commercially for many years, methanation from syngas poses a more severe problem due to the high and unstable concentrations of reactants in the produced gas. In this work, a low-Ni methanation catalyst was tested in a differential reactor to derive a kinetic model that could determine a practical operating scheme for the first methanation step of a typical bio-SNG process. The model, comprising water gas shift and methanation reactions, along with their reverse reactions, was used for realistic modelling of the methanation process using high quality syngas, obtained from steam-oxygen gasification of wastes and gas plasma conversion, and to better determine the operation conditions in the first reactor of a bio-SNG pilot plant in Swindon (UK). The tests undertaken show that the catalyst was performing as expected using the waste-derived syngas at industrially relevant conditions, when compared to predictions of models derived from works using bottled gases. This gives confidence that the same approach can be used for the detailed design and operation of once through methanation reactor elements and process system configuration for bio-SNG production at larger scale.

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“…Materazzi et al 62 reported much higher concentration of volatile trace elements on ash collected in a dry filter but the temperature in the filter was well below 200 ºC. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 (Table 6).…”

Section: Distribution Of Elements/metals In the Solid Streams From Gamentioning

confidence: 99%

Fly Ash Characterization from Cynara cardunculus L. Gasification

et al. 2018

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This study analyzes the characteristics of fines produced during the air-blown gasification of Cynara cardunculus L. in a bubbling fluidized bed. These fines are collected by means of two hot cyclones and a hot filter. The gasification temperature is varied from 700 to 800 ºC using olivine and magnesite as bed materials, with an equivalence ratio (ER) of 0.2. Relatively high carbon content is found in the entrained fines for all experiments. The lower heating value (LHV) of the elutriated fines varies from 5.2 to 9.4 MJ/kg db . Around 75 % of the fines are The final composition of fly ash depends also on the atmosphere, reducing or oxidative, at which the conversion process is carried out 3 . Dong et al. 4 found that a reducing atmosphere promotes the evaporation of Cd and Zn while Pb, Cu, Ni, and Cr volatilization is enhanced under an oxidative atmosphere. In addition, presence of chlorine promotes the evaporation of heavy metals in form of metal chlorides that tend to condense on fine particles, leading into the corrosion of the different parts of the installation 5-8 . Belevi and Moench 9 , on the other hand, found that during the incineration of (household waste) the content of Al, and Ti in fly ash is not much influenced by chemical conditions (temperature or redox conditions) whereas Cu and Zn are favored by oxidative conditions.In the case of biomass combustion, there is an extensive library of literature which deals with ash characterization and utilization 10-14 . However, the information regarding biomass gasification fly ash is very limited 15-17 and its composition is also quite different from that of combustion plants, containing high amounts of unburned carbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chlorine and heavy metals. All these features make the use of gasification fly ashes more complicated and suggest that coal combustion fly ash utilization options are not suitable for biomass gasification ash, giving rise to the requirement for some pretreatment 18,19 . Different studies have been performed within the GASASH project 15 , trying to find sustainable and economic methods for gasification ash management. When the carbon content is high, combustion is the most promising method to reduce the un-reacted carbon and the amount of undesirable compounds such as the PAHs, chlorine and some heavy metals as well as recovering energy. This reduces the volume of the fly ashes and applications such as construction products can be considered for the new ash generated 15 .

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Fate and behavior of inorganic constituents of RDF in a two stage fluid bed-plasma gasification plant

Cited by 43 publications

References 33 publications

Performance analysis of RDF gasification in a two stage fluidized bed–plasma process

Performance analysis of RDF gasification in a two stage fluidized bed–plasma process

Analysis of syngas methanation for bio-SNG production from wastes: kinetic model development and pilot scale validation

Fly Ash Characterization from Cynara cardunculus L. Gasification

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