Fate and efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers applied to wetland rice. I. The Philippines

Craswell, E. T.; Datta, SK De; Weeraratne, CS; Vlek, P. L. G.

doi:10.1007/bf01058164

Cited by 110 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…It is likely that those differences are associated with differences in planting patterns and in root density, early in the growing season (see, e.g., Greenwood and Draycott 1988). Based on the concepts described by the three-quadrant figures, we can define the following aspects and component traits of NUE: & Biomass production per unit nitrogen available (Craswell and Godwin 1984), i.e., the agronomic nitrogen use efficiency based on total biomass; & Harvestable biomass production (yield) per unit nitrogen supplied (Moll et al 1982), often called agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (AgNUE) (Quadrant I); & Nitrogen taken up per unit of nitrogen available in the soil, also called nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE) (Quadrant III); & Biomass production per unit nitrogen taken up from the soil through absorption/acquisition and converted (utilized) through assimilation and remobilization (Moll et al 1982), also called nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE) (Quadrant II); & The ratio of harvested N to total crop N, defined as the nitrogen harvest index (NHI); & Nitrogen conversion efficiency for harvestable products, i.e., a combination of nitrogen utilization efficiency and nitrogen harvest index.…”

Section: Conceptual Framework and Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse concepts of breeding for nitrogen use efficiency. A review

Bueren

Struik

2017

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

118

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Cropping systems require careful nitrogen (N) management to increase the sustainability of agricultural production. One important route towards enhanced sustainability is to increase nitrogen use efficiency. Improving nitrogen use efficiency encompasses increasing N uptake, N utilization efficiency, and N harvest index, each involving many crop physiological mechanisms and agronomic traits. Here, we review recent developments in cultural practices, cultivar choice, and breeding regarding nitrogen use efficiency. We add a comparative analysis of our own research on designing breeding strategies for nitrogen use efficiency in leafy and non-leafy vegetables, literature on breeding for nitrogen use efficiency in other vegetables (cabbage, cauliflower), and literature on breeding for nitrogen use efficiency in grain crops. We highlight traits that are generic across species, demonstrate how traits contributing to nitrogen use efficiency differ among crops, and show how cultural practice affects the relevance of these traits. Our review indicates that crops harvested in their early or late vegetative phase or reproductive phase differ in traits relevant to improve nitrogen use efficiency. Headforming crops (lettuce, cabbage) depend on the prolonged photosynthesis of outer leaves to provide the carbon sources for continued N supply and growth of the photosynthetically less active, younger inner leaves. Grain crops largely depend on prolonged N availability for uptake and on availability of N in stover for remobilization to the grains. Improving root performance is relevant for all crop types, but especially shortcycle vegetable crops benefit from early below-ground vigor. We conclude that there is sufficient genetic variation available among modern cultivars to further improve nitrogen use efficiency but that it requires integration of agronomy, crop physiology, and efficient selection strategies to make rapid progress in breeding. We also conclude that discriminative traits related to nitrogen use efficiency better express themselves under low input than under high input. However, testing under both low and high input can yield cultivars that are adapted to low-input conditions but also respond to high-input conditions. The benefits of increased nitrogen use efficiency through breeding are potentially large but realizing these benefits is challenged by the huge genotype-byenvironment interaction and the complex behavior of nitrogen in the cropping system.

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Section: Conceptual Framework and Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse concepts of breeding for nitrogen use efficiency. A review

Bueren

Struik

2017

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

118

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“…According to Novoa and Loomis (1981) and Craswell and Godwin (1984), the following parameters were calculated as follows: i) apparent N recovery (ANR, %): as the ratio of (Ng at Nx -Ng at N0) to applied N at Nx; ii) physiological efficiency (PE) (kg kg -1 ): as the ratio of (grain yield at Nx -grain yield at N0) to (Ng at Nx -Ng at N0); iii) agro- nomic efficiency (AE) (kg kg -1 ): as the ratio of (grain yield at Nx -grain yield at N0) to N applied at Nx.…”

Section: Plant Sampling Yield and Biomass N Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen fertilisation of durum wheat: a case study in Mediterranean area during transition to conservation agriculture

et al. 2016

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Nitrogen (N) nutrition plays a key role for high yields and quality in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn); in Mediterranean environments, data regarding N fertilisation management during the transition phase to conservation agriculture (CA) are limited. The aim of this work was to study the effects of N fertiliser forms and rates on yield and some quality traits of durum wheat, during the transition period to CA in Mediterranean areas; moreover, indication on the recommendable N form/rate combinations have been given. Field trials were carried out in south of Italy, during the first two years of transition to CA (from 2010 to 2012) in a durum wheat-based rotation. Following a split-plot design arranged on a randomised complete blocks with three replications, two N forms (main plots) -urea and calcium nitrate -and four N rates (sub-plots) -50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha -1 -plus an un-fertilised Control, were compared. The following parameters were analysed: grain yield, N-input efficiency, grains protein concentration (GPC), total gluten, gluten fractions and minerals concentration in kernels. Calcium nitrate gave the highest yield (4.48 t ha -1 ), as predicted by the quadratic model, at 146 kg N ha -1 , on average. This was particularly noticeable in 2012, when the distribution of rainfall and temperatures regimes as well as residues' status could have favoured such N-form. These results were confirmed by the observed higher values of all indices describing N-input efficiency. High GPC values (14.8%) were predicted at slightly higher N-rates (173 kg N ha -1 , averaging both N forms). In particular, gluten proteins and glutenin/gliadin ratio accrued as the N doses increased, reaching the highest values at 150 kg N ha -1 , also positively affecting the quality of durum wheat flour. Iron and zinc concentrations were noticeably increased (38% and 37% on average) by N supply, probably due to the enhanced water use efficiency under CA systems.Principal component analysis summarised properly the obtained results: analysing the N-rates at 150 kg N ha -1 , it was confirmed that yields and quality characteristics of durum wheat were optimised in the wettest year (2011) with calcium nitrate. Moreover, the scarce amount of residues characterising the transition phase to CA, requires N application rates not lower than 150 kg ha -1 in order to ensure stable yields and important quality traits. These N rates should be modulated as the accumulation of crop residues increases over time, thanks to long-term effects of CA on soil chemical, physical and biological properties. IntroductionSouthern Europe's environment is characterised by cool and wet winters and hot and dry summers with low and erratic rainfall distribution, and by soils with very low organic matter levels and nitrogen (N) content. Nitrogen is subjected to several losses with the main pathways being represented by ammonia volatilisation, denitrification and nitrate leaching (Plaza-Bonil et al., 2014). Moreover, in these environments ...

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“…Agronomic Efficiency (AE) and Physiological Efficiencies (PE) of N fertilizer were calculated using the procedures described by Craswell and Godwin (1984) as: …”

Section: Nitrogen Use Efficiency Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Grain Yield, Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars in Eastern Ethiopia

Daba¹

2017

JAS

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The study was conducted in Eastern Ethiopia, namely Meta and Tullo districts, during the 2015 cropping season to determine the effect of N fertilizer levels on N uptake, N use efficiency (NUE) and grain yield on bread wheat cultivars. Factorial combinations of five N levels (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg N ha -1 ) and four bread wheat cultivars (Danda'a, Digalu, Kakaba and local cultivar) were laid out as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The interactions of sites, N levels, and cultivars significantly (p ≤ 0.01) affected grain yield (GY), nitrogen uptake by grains, total nitrogen uptake, nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE) and nitrigen use efficiency for grain yield (NUEGY). Main effects of sites, N levels and cultivars had significant (p < 0.01) effect on grain and straw N contents, straw N uptake, N biomass production efficiency, N utilization efficiency (NUtE) and nitrogen harvest index (NHI). The cultivar Kakaba at rate of 90 kg N ha -1 produced the highest grain yield (4880 kg ha application rate than the remaining N levels and variety interactions at both sites. Cultivars variations in NUEGY under low N application levels were mainly due to higher variations in NUpE than in NUtE. Therefore, there is a need for exploration of the effectiveness of various combinations of N rates with time of applications for improvements of N-use efficiency traits and cost effectiveness in improved wheat cultivars production.

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Fate and efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers applied to wetland rice. I. The Philippines

Cited by 110 publications

References 19 publications

Diverse concepts of breeding for nitrogen use efficiency. A review

Diverse concepts of breeding for nitrogen use efficiency. A review

Nitrogen fertilisation of durum wheat: a case study in Mediterranean area during transition to conservation agriculture

Influence of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Grain Yield, Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars in Eastern Ethiopia

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