Fate in the Environment and Long-Range Atmospheric Transport of the Organophosphorus Insecticide, Chlorpyrifos and Its Oxon

Mackay, Don; Giesy, John P.; Solomon, Keith R.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-03865-0_3

Cited by 50 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…Toxicity of the oxon in aquatic organisms is not vastly or consistently different from that of the parent CPY, and, to some degree is included in the toxicity studies with CPY. The oxon is more rapidly hydrolyzed in the environment, partitions more into water, and is less likely to bioconcentrate into organisms than CPY (see discussions in the companion paper, Mackay et al 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risks From Measured Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CPYO is formed from CPY in the atmosphere and is detected in air near sites of application and at more distant locations (see discussion in Mackay et al 2014 ). Because CPYO is more polar than CPY (log KOW of 2.89 vs. 5, Tables 5 and 6 in Mackay et al 2014 ) it would be expected to partition into precipitation and accumulate to a greater extent than CPY in surface waters. However, this does not occur; for example, LeNoir et al ( 1999 ) showed that CPYO was detected in water at smaller concentrations than CPY, the opposite of those in air sampled at the same locations.…”

Section: Risks From Measured Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this does not occur; for example, LeNoir et al ( 1999 ) showed that CPYO was detected in water at smaller concentrations than CPY, the opposite of those in air sampled at the same locations. The most likely reason for this is the greater rate of hydrolysis of CPYO compared to CPY with half-lives of 13 d vs. 30-50 d, respectively (Tables 7 and 6 in Mackay et al 2014 ). Since CPYO is more polar than CPY , it would not be expected to be taken up into and accumulate in organisms as much as CPY.…”

Section: Risks From Measured Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risks to Aquatic Organisms from Use of Chlorpyrifos in the United States

Giddings¹,

Williams

Solomon

et al. 2014

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risks From Measured Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risks From Measured Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risks From Measured Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risks to Aquatic Organisms from Use of Chlorpyrifos in the United States

Giddings¹,

Williams

Solomon

et al. 2014

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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“…It could also be present since it is a known by-and combustion-product in 311 the production process for chlorinated solvents and organochlorine pesticides (Gilbert, Table S2), 313 is a broad-spectrum chlorinated organophosphate insecticide and biocide (e.g. incorporated in paint as a 314 means of vector control) (Mackay et al, 2014). 315…”

Section: Pesticides In the Sediment-phase 297 14mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources, occurrence and predicted aquatic impact of legacy and contemporary pesticides in streams

McKnight

Rasmussen

Kronvang

et al. 2015

Environmental Pollution

155

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11We couple current findings of pesticides in surface and groundwater to the history of pesticide usage, 12 focusing on the potential contribution of legacy pesticides to the predicted ecotoxicological impact on 13 benthic macroinvertebrates in headwater streams. Results suggest that groundwater, in addition to 14 precipitation and surface runoff, is an important source of pesticides (particularly legacy herbicides) 15 entering surface water. In addition to current-use active ingredients, legacy pesticides, metabolites and 16 impurities are important for explaining the estimated total toxicity attributable to pesticides. Sediment-17 bound insecticides were identified as the primary source for predicted ecotoxicity. Our results support 18 recent studies indicating that highly sorbing chemicals contribute and even drive impacts on aquatic 19 ecosystems. They further indicate that groundwater contaminated by legacy and contemporary 20 pesticides may impact adjoining streams. Stream observations of soluble and sediment-bound 21 pesticides are valuable for understanding the long-term fate of pesticides in aquifers, and should be 22 included in stream monitoring programs. 23Capsule: Legacy pesticides, particularly sediment-bound insecticides were identified as the primary 24 source for predicted ecotoxicity impacting benthic macroinvertebrates in headwater streams. 25 2

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Multi‐ and Trans‐Generational Effects on Daphnia Magna of Chlorpyrifos Exposures

Maggio

Jenkins

2022

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Chlorpyrifos, a broad‐spectrum neurotoxic organophosphate insecticide, is subject to atmospheric and hydrolytic transport from application sites to aquatic ecosystems. Across the landscape, concentrations in surface water can vary spatially and temporally according to seasonal use practices. Standardized bioassays can provide a screening‐level understanding of aquatic receptor acute and chronic toxicity. However, these bioassays do not address ecologically relevant exposure patterns that may impact fitness and survival within and across generations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the utility of a second‐tier, screening‐level methodology employing Daphnia magna multi‐ and transgenerational bioassays spanning four generations to investigate the effect of variable chronic chlorpyrifos exposure. The multigenerational assay consisted of continuous chlorpyrifos exposure across four consecutive 21‐day bioassays using progeny from the previous assay for each successive generation. In the transgenerational assay, only the parent (F0) generation was exposed. For both assays, survival and reproduction were assessed across treatments and generations. Results indicated that (1) following continuous chlorpyrifos exposure at ecologically relevant concentrations to four generations of D. magna, the highest treatment showed an apparent tolerance response for both survival and reproductive success in the F3 generation, and (2) chlorpyrifos exposure to the F0 generation did not result in treatment effects in the unexposed F1, F2, and F3 generations in the apical endpoints of survival and reproduction. Employing a suite of acute and chronic bioassays, including chronic exposures spanning multiple generations, allows for a more robust screening‐level evaluation of the potential impact of chlorpyrifos on aquatic receptors for variable periods of exposure. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1054–1065. © 2021 SETAC

show abstract

Fate in the Environment and Long-Range Atmospheric Transport of the Organophosphorus Insecticide, Chlorpyrifos and Its Oxon

Cited by 50 publications

References 71 publications

Risks to Aquatic Organisms from Use of Chlorpyrifos in the United States

Risks to Aquatic Organisms from Use of Chlorpyrifos in the United States

Sources, occurrence and predicted aquatic impact of legacy and contemporary pesticides in streams

Multi‐ and Trans‐Generational Effects on Daphnia Magna of Chlorpyrifos Exposures

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