Fate of chlorothalonil in apple foliage and fruit

Gilbert, Mason

doi:10.1021/jf60207a010

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In the present computation for potato leaves, the sum of deposit left (9.9%) and of penetrated residue (42.9%) totalled 52.8% of the dosage at 7.5 d (7 d after application). The rather good simulation indicates that chlorothalonil penetrated only superficially into the plant leaves, which corresponds to the behaviour measured for the radio-labeled compound applied to plants (27).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Volatilization of Parathion and Chlorothalonil from a Potato Crop Simulated by the PEARL Model

Leistra

Berg

2007

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The volatilization of pesticides from crop canopies in the field should be modeled within the context of evaluating environmental exposure. A model concept based on diffusion through a laminar air-boundary layer was incorporated into the PEARL model (pesticide emission assessment at regional and local scales) and used to simulate volatilization of the pesticides parathion and chlorothalonil from a potato crop in a field experiment. Rate coefficients for the competing processes of plant penetration, wash off, and phototransformation in the canopy had to be derived from a diversity of literature data. Cumulative volatilization of the moderately volatile parathion (31% of the dosage in 7.6 days) could be simulated after calibrating two input data derived for the related compound parathion-methyl. The less volatile and more slowly transformed chlorothalonil showed 5% volatilization in 7.6 days, which could be explained by the simulation. Simulated behavior of the pesticides in the crop canopy roughly corresponded to published data.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Volatilization of Parathion and Chlorothalonil from a Potato Crop Simulated by the PEARL Model

Leistra

Berg

2007

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…In contrast, compound II was not detected in cranberries (LOD ) 10 µg/kg), even when CHT itself was detected at concentrations as high as 4 mg/kg (28). CHT degradation has been investigated in other crops, and compound II has been determined to constitute 5% of the total residues in mature potato plants (29), 0.3-1.0% in grapes (21), 0.5-1.9% in onion foliage (30), and 0% in apples (31). Rouchaud and Roucourt (3) investigated the hydrolytic biodegradation of CHT in cabbage and broccoli crops.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Persistence and Degradation of Chlorothalonil and Chlorpyrifos in a Cranberry Bog

Putnam

Nelson

Clark

2002

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The effect of a spray-tank adjuvant on the persistence, distribution, and degradation of two pesticides, chlorothalonil and chlorpyrifos, was studied in a commercial cranberry bog. Pesticides were applied according to label instructions to cranberry plants in paired plot studies. Dislodgeable foliar and whole fruit residues of both pesticides and several degradation products were assessed over a growing season. Residues were also assessed in soil samples collected at fruit harvest. Adjuvant increased both fruit and foliar residues but did not significantly alter the dissipation rate or metabolism of either pesticide. The dissipation of dislodgeable foliar chlorothalonil and chlorpyrifos residues followed first-order kinetics, with estimated half-lives of 12.7 and 3.5 d, respectively. All residue levels on harvested fruit were well below the current U.S. EPA tolerances for fresh cranberries. Chlorothalonil (58%) was the major residue in fruit at harvest (76 d post-chlorothalonil application), with 4-hydroxy-2,5,6-trichloroisophthalonitrile and 1,3-dicarbamoyl-2,4,5,6-tetrachlorobenzene accounting for 26% and 6% of the total residues, respectively. Degradation products accounted for 88% of the total chlorothalonil residues in soil at fruit harvest. The products 1,3-dicarbamoyl-2,4,5,6-tetrachlorobenzene, 1-carbamoyl-3-cyano-4-hydroxy-2,5,6-trichlorobenzene, 2,5,6-trichloro-4-methylthioisophthalonitrile, and 2,4,5-trichloroisophthalonitrile have not been previously identified in cranberry bog environments. Chlorpyrifos was detected in fruit at harvest (62 d post-chlorpyrifos application), but no metabolites were found. Chlorpyrifos-oxon and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, however, were detected in earlier fruit samples and in foliage and soil samples.

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“…The erratic data for the 14-36-day period left questions concerning the nature and concentration of the terminal residue. From these equations, the time taken for the residue to dissipate by half was of the order of 10-15 days, which was substantially longer than the 3-day interval on onion foliage (Dzikowski and Ripley, 1979) and an approximately 5-day interval on apple foliage (Gilbert, 1976).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Persistence of chlorothalonil on grapes and its effect on disease control and fruit quality

Northover¹,

Ripley²

1980

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Fate of chlorothalonil in apple foliage and fruit

Cited by 15 publications

References 3 publications

Volatilization of Parathion and Chlorothalonil from a Potato Crop Simulated by the PEARL Model

Volatilization of Parathion and Chlorothalonil from a Potato Crop Simulated by the PEARL Model

The Persistence and Degradation of Chlorothalonil and Chlorpyrifos in a Cranberry Bog

Persistence of chlorothalonil on grapes and its effect on disease control and fruit quality

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