Fate of Endosulfan in Cotton Soil under Sub-tropical Conditions of Northern India

Kathpal, T. S.; Singh, Amar; Dhankhar, Jagbir S.; Singh, Gulab

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9063(199705)50:1<21::aid-ps550>3.0.co;2-n

Cited by 63 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The beta isomer persisted longer than alpha isomer. These results confirm the observations of Kathpal, Singh, Dhankar, and Singh (1997). Though alpha isomer makes up 70% of active ingredient in commercial formulations, it could be detected in soils only immediately after spray because of its high volatility.…”

Section: Distribution Of Endosulfan Residues In Soilsupporting

confidence: 89%

Persistence and Distribution of Endosulfan under Field Condition

Jayashree

Vasudevan

2006

Environ Monit Assess

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rapid increase in industrialization and agricultural activities to meet the population need has led to environmental pollution. The major revolution in agricultural production is mainly due to increased use of pesticides and fertilizers. Soil act as a major sink for majority of pesticides applied on agricultural crops. Among the organochlorines, endosulfan is the most commonly used pesticide, hence this study concentrates on the persistence and distribution behaviour of endosulfan under field conditions. The result showed that the alpha endosulfan concentrations were very minimum (0.98 mg/kg of soil) in all the four fields under study (Nazarath, Othikadu, Ekkadu and Ekkadukandigai of Thiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu). Where as beta endosulfan concentration at the time of application was 6.39 mg/kg and declined to 0.8 mg/kg on soil at 150th day. The endosulfan sulfate concentration was 11.8 mg/kg in soil at 15th day and then concentration declined to 2.2 mg/kg at 150th day. Field run-off samples showed maximum residue levels (0.024 mg/l) at the early irrigation period. While plant foliar parts showed maximum concentrations of alpha-endosulfan (43.4 mg/kg), beta-endosulfan (40.6 mg/kg) and endosulfan sulfate (20.1 mg/kg). At harvest stage, rice grain and husk also had lower concentrations of endosulfan sulfate (2.2 and 0.09 mg/kg), respectively.

show abstract

Section: Distribution Of Endosulfan Residues In Soilsupporting

confidence: 89%

Persistence and Distribution of Endosulfan under Field Condition

Jayashree

Vasudevan

2006

Environ Monit Assess

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the environment, the cyclic sulfite group of endosulfan can be oxidized to the corresponding sulfate (endosulfan sulfate) (Chandler et al 1991; Guerin et al 1992; Kathpal et al 1997), which is persistent than its parents (Guerin 2001). In China, endosulfan is currently used as pesticide for cotton, wheat, tea, tobacco, and apple tree (Jia et al 2009).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organochlorine Pesticides in Consumer Fish and Mollusks of Liaoning Province, China: Distribution and Human Exposure Implications

Liu

Zhang

Tao

et al. 2010

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fish and mollusk samples were collected from markets located in 12 cities in Liaoning province, China, during August and September 2007, and 22 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were detected. DDT, HCH, endosulfan, chlordane, and HCB were the dominating OCPs, with mean concentrations and ranges of, respectively, 15.41 and 0.57 to 177.56 ng/g, 0.84 and below detection limit (BDL) to 22.99 ng/g, 1.31 and BDL to 13.1 ng/g, 1.05 and BDL to 15.68 ng/g, and 0.63 and BDL to 9.21 ng/g in all fish and mollusk samples. The concentrations of other OCPs generally were low and were detectable in a minority of samples, reflecting the low levels of these OCPs in the study region. In general, OCP concentrations were obviously higher in fish than in mollusks, and higher in freshwater fish than in marine fish, which indicated, first, that freshwater fish are more easily influenced than seawater fish and mollusks by OCP residues in agricultural areas and, second, that there are different biota accumulation factors for OCPs between fish and mollusk. To learn the consumption of fish and mollusk, 256 questionnaires were sent to families in 12 cities of Liaoning province. Using the contamination data, average estimated daily intakes of OCPs via fish and mollusk consumption were calculated, which were used for exposure assessment. The public health risks caused by exposure to OCPs in the course of fish and mollusk consumption were compared to noncancer benchmarks and cancer benchmarks.

show abstract

“…[4] Moreover, volatilization is the dominant form in dissipation of endosulfan and its metabolites from the environment. [5] In another study, it was reported that the rate of degradation of endosulfan in soil increased significantly with increasing soil alkalinity, at pH 3 almost no degradation of endosulfan took place, slight degradation at pH 5, significant increase at pH 7.5-8.5, and at pH 10-12 almost all the added endosulfan was rapidly converted to endosulfan diol. The same study reported that soil moisture and aeration affected the degradation rate of endosulfan and the pathways of its metabolism, as its degradation rates decreased significantly in flooded soils compared to nonflooded soils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Biodegradation of ? and ? Endosulfan in Soil as Influenced by Application of Different Organic Materials

Al-Hassan¹,

Bashour²,

Kawar³

2004

J Environ Sci Health B Pest Food Contam Agricul Wastes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A laboratory pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of amending soil with four different sources of organic matter on the degradation rate of alpha and beta endosulfan isomers. Poultry by-product meal, poultry manure, dairy manure, and municipal solid waste compost were cured, dried, ground (<1 mm) and thoroughly mixed with a calcareous soil at a rate of 2% and placed in plastic pots. Endosulfan was added at the rate of 20 mg kg(-1). The moisture level was kept near field capacity and the pots were kept at room temperature. Soil sub-samples, 100 g each, were collected from every pot at days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, 43, and 57 for the measurement of endosulfan isomers. Endosulfan residues were extracted from the soil samples with acetone. The supernatant was filtered through anhydrous sodium sulphate, 5 mL aliquot was diluted to 25 mL with hexane, mixed well, and then two sub-samples from the filtrates were analyzed for alpha and beta endosulfan isomers by gas chromatography. The results indicated that the half-life (T(1/2)) of alpha-endosulfan in the poultry by-product meal treatment was 15 days compared to about 22 days in the other treatments. The T(1/2) of beta-endosulfan was 22 days in the poultry by-product meal treatment and followed a bi-phasic pattern, 57 days in the municipal solid waste compost treatment and the extrapolated T(1/2) was about 115 days for the other three treatments.

show abstract

Fate of Endosulfan in Cotton Soil under Sub-tropical Conditions of Northern India

Cited by 63 publications

References 4 publications

Persistence and Distribution of Endosulfan under Field Condition

Persistence and Distribution of Endosulfan under Field Condition

Organochlorine Pesticides in Consumer Fish and Mollusks of Liaoning Province, China: Distribution and Human Exposure Implications

Biodegradation of ? and ? Endosulfan in Soil as Influenced by Application of Different Organic Materials

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About