Fate of genetically modified maize DNA in the oral cavity and rumen of sheep

Duggan, Paula S.; Chambers, P; Forbes, J. M.

doi:10.1079/bjn2002764

Cited by 62 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Our findings confirm the likelihood that plant DNA fragments can survive digestive processes Duggan et al, 2003) and can be transferred to blood and organs. In this study, a higher incidence of feed DNA fragments was found in muscle and organs compared with blood and digesta samples, coinciding with previous results obtained in buffaloes (Tudisco et al, 2006a) and rabbits (Tudisco et al, 2006b).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Detection of plant species-specific dna (barley and soybean) in blood, muscle tissue, organs and gastrointestinal contents of rabbit.

Tudisco¹,

Calabrò²,

Bovera³

et al. 2010

World Rabbit Sci.

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ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to detect plant DNA sequences from low copy number genes of barley grain and soybean meal, the latter being subjected to solvent extraction process, in blood, liver, kidney, spleen, muscle tissue and digesta (duodenum, caecum and faeces from rectal ampulla) of rabbits. For fattening, Hyla rabbits (20 males and 20 females) were fed a diet including barley grain (15%) and soybean meal (12%). Animals were slaughtered at 74 d of age (2 ± 0.2 kg live weight) and samples collected from each animal. The quality of each DNA sample was verifi ed using the UNIV P/Q primers used to amplify a mammalian specifi c portion of mtDNA 16S rRNA gene. The presence of plant DNA was subsequently ascertained on the same DNA samples, as well as on barley and soybean (control). Two classes of plant DNA sequences were monitored via real-time PCR, using SYBR ® Green I Dye: a high copy number chloroplast gene (trnl) and a low copy number specifi c for barley (metal-dependent hydrolase-like protein) and soybean (lectin) genes. Melting curve analysis was used to identify the PCR products. The chloroplast fragment detection frequency was higher (P<0.01) in muscle (90%), liver (80%), kidney (80%) and spleen (80%) than in blood (40%) and digesta samples. In the latter, chloroplast DNA was found in 40 and 30% of duodenum and caecum contents respectively, and in 30% of faeces. The specifi city of the amplicons obtained was checked by sequencing and annotation. In the samples positive for chloroplast fragments, the frequency of detection of barley specifi c sequence was higher (P<0.01) in liver (62.5%), kidney (62.5%), spleen (62.5%) and digesta (100%) than in blood (25%) and muscle (22.2%) samples. The soybean lectin gene was not detected in animal samples, although it was seen in plant samples. Results confi rm that, except for gastrointestinal tract (GIT), plant single copy genes are more diffi cult to identify in animal samples.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Detection of plant species-specific dna (barley and soybean) in blood, muscle tissue, organs and gastrointestinal contents of rabbit.

Tudisco¹,

Calabrò²,

Bovera³

et al. 2010

World Rabbit Sci.

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“…Our findings show plant DNA fragments are likely to survive digestive processes to some extent (Duggan et al, 2003;Einspanier et al, 2004), as well as their transfer to blood and milk. In addition, the detection of plant DNA in tissues and organs of nursed kids could support the hypothesis of a gene transfer through milk.…”

Section: R E T R a C T E Dmentioning

confidence: 72%

Fate of transgenic DNA and evaluation of metabolic effects in goats fed genetically modified soybean and in their offsprings

Tudisco

Mastellone

Cutrignelli

et al. 2010

Animal

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The presence of DNA fragments in blood and milk from goats fed conventional (control) or Roundup Ready R soybean meal solvent extracted (s.e.; treated) was investigated by using a polymerase chain reaction approach. The same investigation was carried out on blood, skeletal muscle and organs from kids of both groups fed only dams' milk until weaning. Moreover, the possible effects on cell metabolism were evaluated by determination of several specific enzymes in serum, heart, skeletal muscle, liver and kidney. Fragments of the multicopy chloroplast (trnL) gene were found in blood and milk samples from goats of both groups. In kids, the chloroplast fragments were found in samples of both groups. In samples, which proved positive for the presence of chloroplast DNA, fragments of the specific soybean single copy gene (lectin) were detected in several blood and milk samples. The same fragment was also found in control and treated groups of kids. Transgenic fragments were not found in those samples, which were found positive for chloroplast fragments of control groups of either goats or kids. On the contrary, in blood and milk of treated goats, fragments both of the 35S promoter and the CP4 EPSPS gene were detected. These fragments were also found in treated kids with a significant detection of the 35S promoter in liver, kidney and blood, and of the CP4 EPSPS gene fragment in liver, kidney, heart and muscle. A significant increase in lactic dehydrogenase, mainly concerning the lactic dehydrogenase-1 isoenzyme was found in heart, skeletal muscle and kidney of treated kids, thus suggesting a change in the local production of the enzyme. Finally, no significant differences were detected concerning kid body and organ weight.

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“…However, actual competence development and transformation of such bacteria by genomic DNA of plants has not yet been observed in the lower gastrointestinal tract even with optimised model systems providing a selective advantage (Nordgård et al, 2007;EFSA, 2009b;Rizzi et al, 2012). In contrast, some studies have shown that introduced bacteria can be naturally transformed in the oral cavity of humans and animals (Mercer et al, 1999a(Mercer et al, , b, 2001Duggan et al, 2000Duggan et al, , 2003.…”

Section: Exposure Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on applications (EFSA-GMO-UK-2008-57 and EFSA-GMO-RX-MON15985) for the placing on the market of insect-resistant genetically modified cotton MON 15985 for food and feed uses, import and processing, and for the renewal of authorisation o

Arpaia¹,

Birch²,

Chesson³

et al. 2014

EFSA Journal

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Cotton MON 15985 was developed by biolistic transformation of cotton MON 531 to express Cry2Ab2 and GUS in addition to the Cry1Ac and NPTII proteins. Cry proteins in MON 15985 confer resistance to major lepidopteran cotton pests, whereas the GUS and NPTII proteins were used as markers during product development. Molecular characterisation of MON 15985 did not give rise to safety issues. The EFSA GMO Panel could not conclude on the potential occurrence of unintended effects for agronomic and phenotypic characteristics owing to data limitations. Compositional data gave no indication of unintended effects for which further assessment was needed. The Panel concludes that cotton MON 15985, as described in these applications, is as safe and nutritious as its conventional counterpart and other non-genetically modified varieties, and considers it unlikely that the overall allergenicity of the whole plant is changed. Environmental risk assessment was restricted to the exposure through faecal material from animals fed with cotton products of MON 15985 and its accidental spillage. Following a weight of evidence approach and considering the poor ability of cotton to survive outside cultivated land, despite the agronomic and phenotypic data limitations, the Panel concludes that there is very low likelihood of any adverse environmental impacts. The aadA and oriV sequences in MON 15985 may facilitate the stabilisation of nptII through double homologous recombination. However, considering the limited presence of intact DNA from MON 15985 in feed and the limited occurrence of horizontal transfer of DNA from plant material to bacteria, the Panel concludes that it is highly unlikely that nptII from MON 15985 will be transferred to bacteria. Since both EFSA-GMO-UK-2008-57 and EFSA-GMO-RX-MON15985 cover cotton MON 15985, the EFSA GMO Panel provides a single scientific opinion, valid for both applications.The EFSA GMO Panel evaluated cotton MON 15985 with reference to the scope and appropriate principles described in its guidance documents for the risk assessment of genetically modified (GM) plants and derived food and feed (EFSA, 2006a; EFSA GMO Panel, 2011a), environmental risk assessment (ERA) (EFSA GMO Panel, 2010a) and for renewal of authorisations of existing GMO products lawfully placed on the market (EFSA, 2006b). The scientific evaluation of the risk assessment included molecular characterisation of the inserted DNA and analysis of the expression of the corresponding proteins. An evaluation of the comparative analyses of compositional, agronomic and phenotypic characteristics was undertaken, and the safety of the newly expressed proteins and the whole food/feed was evaluated with respect to potential toxicity, allergenicity and nutritional wholesomeness. An evaluation of environmental impacts and the post-market environmental monitoring (PMEM) plan was also undertaken.The scope of applications EFSA-GMO-UK-2008-57 and EFSA-GMO-RX-MON15985 covers the MON 15985 event in cotton species Gossypium hirsutum L. and G. barba...

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Fate of genetically modified maize DNA in the oral cavity and rumen of sheep

Cited by 62 publications

References 35 publications

Detection of plant species-specific dna (barley and soybean) in blood, muscle tissue, organs and gastrointestinal contents of rabbit.

Detection of plant species-specific dna (barley and soybean) in blood, muscle tissue, organs and gastrointestinal contents of rabbit.

Fate of transgenic DNA and evaluation of metabolic effects in goats fed genetically modified soybean and in their offsprings

Scientific Opinion on applications (EFSA-GMO-UK-2008-57 and EFSA-GMO-RX-MON15985) for the placing on the market of insect-resistant genetically modified cotton MON 15985 for food and feed uses, import and processing, and for the renewal of authorisation o

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