Fate of insecticide residues.  Decomposition of lindane in soil

Yule, William N.; Chiba, Mikio; Morley, H. V.

doi:10.1021/jf60154a037

Cited by 91 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In the absence of proper cultural conditions to stimulate the latter route, r-PCCH is generally formed, in agreement with the observation by Yule et al 4 That the most commonly found major metabolite in nature is r-PCCH. On the other hand, r-BHC is known to disappear rather rapidly.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Factors Affecting Microbial Metabolism of γ-BHC

1976

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The insecticide r-BHC (gamma isomer of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-hexachlorocyclohexane) was metabolized by 71 of 354 microorganisms (bacteria, and fungi) isolated from the environment. One of these isolates, a strain of Pseudomonas putida, was selected for nutrient and metabolic studies.Two metabolic patterns for the metabolism of r-BHC were detected in this organism, depending on the nutritional properties of the medium. The most common is a dehydrochlorination pathway where r-PCCH (l, 3, 4, 5, 6-pentachlorocyclohex-l-ene)is formed as one of the major products. The second pathway is a more complex NAD dependent pathway involving the production of large amounts of r-BTC (3, 4, 5, 6-tetrachlorocyclohex-l-ene).a-BHC is formed as a by-product of this second metabolic activity. Further degradation of r-BTC appears to proceed via an FAD dependent reductive dechlorination mechanism.In P. putida the ring opening process takes place on aromatic rings with only a few chlorines such as benzene, monochloro-or at most dichlorobenzenes via an oxidative route to yield CO2. Thus a combination of these three different metabolic systems is required to complete the degradation of 1-BHC in P. putida for the second pathway.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Factors Affecting Microbial Metabolism of γ-BHC

1976

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“…Similarly, degradation of y-HCH in mud was found to be most rapid at pH 7 and 9 with some persistence at pH 5 (Lichtenstein et al 1966). However, a common feature of that study and the present one is that at pH 9 and 10 some alkaline dehydrochlorination of the y-HCH to y-PCCH (Yule et al 1967) or other undetected products may have accounted for the loss of some of the y-HCH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…62, when grown on y-HCH, was simultaneously adapted to y- PCCH,PCB,1,2,3,2,3, and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (1,2,4,5-TCB). The formation of y-PCCH during the metabolism of y-HCH has been indicated for other bacteria (Yule et al 1967;Benezet and Matsumura 1973;Francis et al 1975) as well as soya bean seeds (Nash and Harris 1973) and houseflies (Ishida and Dahm 1965).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Degradation of Hexachlorocyclohexanes and Structurally Related Substances by Clostridium Sphenoides

Heritage¹,

MacRae²

1979

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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Washed cell suspensions of C. sphelloides adapted to the y-isomer of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (y-HCH), metabolized IX-and y-HCH but not p-and o-HCH. Temperature and pH optima for the metabolism of y-HCH were found to be 40°C and pH 8 ·0. The y-HCH-adapted suspensions also metabolized the P-, y-and o-isomers of 3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-l-cyclohexene, 2,3,4,5,6-pentachloro-2-cyclohexen-l-ol, y-l ,2,3,4,5,6-pentachlorocyclohex-l-ene, and 1,2,3,4,5-pentachlorocyclohexane. The suspensions did not metabolize a selection of chlorinated benzenes, dichlorocyclohexane and chlorocyclohexane.

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“…Consequently, many reports have been published on the persistence of this compound (YULE et aL 1967;YOSHIDA and CASTRO 1970;GUENZI et al 1971;STEWART and CHILSOM 1971;LICHTENSTEIN et aL 1971;MATHUR and SAHA 1975). It is now generally recognized that the decomposition rate of y-HCH is very slow in upland soils but relatively rapid in submerged and reduced soils.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%