Fate of metals and emissions of organic pollutants from torrefaction of waste wood, MSW, and RDF

Edo, Mar; Skoglund, Nils; Gao, Qiuju; Persson, Per-Erik; Jansson, Stina

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2017.06.017

Cited by 62 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The percentage of HM leaching in relation to their content in the torrefied SS was, on average, from 0.1% for Cu to 16% for Cd (Table 3). Such low levels of HMs (with the exception of Cd) are typical for biochars and other products of thermal treatment [41][42][43]. The Cr and Ni concentrations were below the detection level (0.01 mg•kg −1 d.m.)…”

Section: Heavy Metal Leachability From Biochars In Relation To Torrefmentioning

confidence: 91%

Is Biochar from the Torrefaction of Sewage Sludge Hazardous Waste?

et al. 2020

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Improved technologies are needed for sustainable management of sewage sludge (SS). The torrefaction (also known as biomass “roasting”) is considered a pretreatment of SS before use in agriculture. However, it is not known whether the torrefaction has the potential to decrease heavy metals’ (HMs) leachability and the SS toxicity. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the influences of the SS torrefaction parameters (temperature and process time) on HM contents in biochar, HM leachability, and biochar toxicity, and compare them with raw SS. The experiments were designed in 18 combinations (six temperatures, 200, 220, 240, 260, 280, and 300 °C; and three process times—20, 40, 60 min). Standard tests were used to determine HMs content, leachability, and toxicity. Results indicated that the torrefaction did not increase (p < 0.05) the HM content in comparison to the raw SS. The leachability of Zn, Ni, Cu, Cr, and Mn from SS biochars was similar to raw SS. However, the degree of leachability varied significantly (p < 0.05) from as low as 0.1% for Cu to high as 16.7% for Cd. The leachability of Cd (<16.7%) and Pb (<11.9%) from biochars was higher than from raw SS (<6.1% and <2.4%, respectively). The leachability of Cd from SS biochar, in five torrefaction combinations, was higher than the threshold value for hazardous waste. It is recommended that site-specific decisions are made for torrefaction of SS with respect to its HM content, as the resulting biochar could be considered as hazardous waste, depending on the feedstock. Moreover, the biochar produced under the whole range of temperatures during 20 min retention time significantly (p < 0.05) increased the Daphnia magna Straus mobility inhibition by up to 100% in comparison to the biochar obtained during 40 and 60 min torrefaction. Taking into account the increased leachability of specific HMs and D. magna Straus mobility inhibition, biochar should be considered a potentially hazardous material. Future research should focus on biochar dosage as a fertilizer in relation to its toxicity. Additional research is warranted to focus on the optimization of SS torrefaction process parameters affecting the toxicity.

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Section: Heavy Metal Leachability From Biochars In Relation To Torrefmentioning

confidence: 91%

Is Biochar from the Torrefaction of Sewage Sludge Hazardous Waste?

et al. 2020

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“…The above-mentioned solution made it possible to avoid RDF moisture increase and higher chlorine content in the product of the disinfection process-this is particularly important in the context of avoiding dioxin emissions during the incineration of RDF [17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed Municipal Solid Waste Hygienisation for Refuse-Derived Fuel Production by Ozonation in the Novel Configuration Using Fluidized Bed and Horizontal Reactor

Wolny-Koładka

Żukowski

2017

Waste Biomass Valor

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“…In another study [7], lower calorific value of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) increased due to torrefaction from 21.0 MJ·kg −1 to 25.9 MJ·kg −1 . As well as this, Edo et al [8] indicated the increase of RDF lower heating value from 19.7 MJ·kg −1 to 21.2 MJ·kg −1 due to 90 min torrefaction at 220 °C. CRDF addresses the problem of MSW management, in particular for MSW of organic origin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

The Proof-of-the-Concept of Application of Pelletization for Mitigation of Volatile Organic Compounds Emissions from Carbonized Refuse-Derived Fuel

et al. 2019

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Waste can be effectively reused through the production of carbonized refuse-derived fuel (CRDF) that enables further energy recovery. Developing cleaner production of CRDF requires consideration of practical issues of storage and handling. Thus, it needs to be ensured that CRDF does not pose an excessive risk to humans and the ecosystem. Very few studies indicate a wide variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are present in CRDF, some of which are toxic. During handling, storage, transportation, and use of VOC-rich CRDF, workers and end-users could be exposed to emissions that could pose a health and safety hazard. Our recent study shows that CRDF densification via pelletization can increase the efficiency of storage and transportation. Thus, the following research question was identified: can pelletization mitigate VOCs emissions from CRDF during storage? Preliminary research aiming at the determination of the influence of CRDF pelletization on VOCs emission during storage was completed to address this question. The VOCs emissions from two types of CRDF: ground (loose, torrefied refuse-derived fuel (RDF)) and pelletized, were measured. Pelletization reduced the VOCs emissions potential during the four-day storage by ~86%, in comparison with ground CRDF. Mitigation of VOCs emissions from densified CRDF is feasible, and research is warranted to understand the influence of structural modification on VOCs emission kinetics, and possibilities of scaling up this solution into the practice of cleaner storage and transportation of CRDF.

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Fate of metals and emissions of organic pollutants from torrefaction of waste wood, MSW, and RDF

Cited by 62 publications

References 26 publications

Is Biochar from the Torrefaction of Sewage Sludge Hazardous Waste?

Is Biochar from the Torrefaction of Sewage Sludge Hazardous Waste?

Mixed Municipal Solid Waste Hygienisation for Refuse-Derived Fuel Production by Ozonation in the Novel Configuration Using Fluidized Bed and Horizontal Reactor

The Proof-of-the-Concept of Application of Pelletization for Mitigation of Volatile Organic Compounds Emissions from Carbonized Refuse-Derived Fuel

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