Fate of PAHs in treated wastewater reused as irrigation water: Environmental risks in water-soil-ryegrass multimedia system

Ma, Jiaman; Rene, Eldon R.; Chen, Zongyao; Ma, Wing-Kin

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127500

Cited by 25 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…This strategy is becoming popular in arid and semi‐arid regions due to the need for self‐sufficiency in agricultural products, water scarcity, poor water quality, and the advantages of using wastewater (Alsharif et al, 2021; Mora et al, 2022; Nawaz et al, 2020; Singh, 2021). Nevertheless, irrigating agricultural lands with these water resources poses a big challenge because of their impacts on crop toxicity and yield and the health of farmers (Hashem & Qi, 2021; Ma et al, 2022; Minhas et al, 2022). The crop yield and toxicity are crucial decision‐making parameters that can aid researchers, farmers, and agricultural managers in evaluating the productivity and safety of crops irrigated with TW and saline water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field study of irrigation strategies with treated wastewater and saline water on heavy metal accumulation in barley grain

Shahidi,

Khashei‐Siuki,

Bagheri

et al. 2023

Water Environment Research

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This study examines the effects of three irrigation regimes with a combination of saline water and treated wastewater on the accumulation of heavy metals in barley grains. A field experiment was designed as a split‐split plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design, in which treatments were different irrigation regimes (50, 70 and 100% full irrigation) and irrigation water types (saline water (SW), treated wastewater (TW), mixed water resources (MWR) and alternative irrigation (AI)). After cultivation and harvesting of the barley crop, the grain yield, 1000‐grain weight and contents of heavy metals in the grains were measured. The grain yield was enhanced by TW alone, MWR and AI to 12.8, 5 and 9.5% under 70%‐deficit irrigation, and 58.3, 21.7 and 8.7% under full irrigation, respectively. Based on the guidelines for safe limits of heavy metals in edible plants and livestock feed, the barley grains were safe for livestock and toxic for humans. The trend of heavy metal contents in the grains was Fe>Zn>Pb>Cu≥Cr>Cd. Irrigation with saline water compared to treated wastewater increased Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Cr contents in the grains to 11.75, 10.97, 5.22, 19.15, 3.45 and 9.21%, respectively. The amounts of toxic elements of Cd and Pb were maximized by using MWR, while the Cr content in the grain was maximized by using AI. There were no significant difference in the metal uptake by the grains among all irrigation regimes in any irrigation water resource. However, compared to the other irrigation regimes, the full irrigation resulted in lower Zn, Cu and Cd contents, while the 50%‐deficit irrigation led to lower Pb and Cr contents in the grains. Therefore, irrigation with TW is recommended based on the grain yield, while AI is suggested due to lower Cu, Pb and Cd contents in the grain, and MWR is recommended due to lower Cr content. Furthermore, full and 50%‐deficit irrigation regimes are recommended to respectively maximize grain yield and minimize the toxic metal contents in the grain.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field study of irrigation strategies with treated wastewater and saline water on heavy metal accumulation in barley grain

Shahidi,

Khashei‐Siuki,

Bagheri

et al. 2023

Water Environment Research

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“…Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) PAHs are aromatic chemical compounds that contain more than one benzene ring, and 16 PAHs were found to be listed on the pollutant list by the [1,2]. One of the groups of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), witnessing many global concerns due to its occurrence of genetic mutations and causative agents of conditions as well as its association with heart disease, cancer, and respiratory diseases [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in wastewater of industrial city, Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia

Thawab M. R. Albuqmi,

Marzoq Hadi Al Fahd,

Khalid M. Almesfer

et al. 2023

Int. J. Sci. Res. Arch.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are hydrocarbons with more than two benzene rings in their molecules and are a class of harmful organic pollutants widely distributed in nature. This research aims to determine the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs (Naphthalene, Anthracene, and Chrysene (2, 3, and 4 Rings respectively) in different sources of treated and untreated wastewater collected from different sources during the years of 2021 and 2022. Eleven wastewater sources were collected from different industrial treated wastewater, farms, main treatment plants, tanning factory treated wastewater, tanning factory non-treated wastewater, Carton factories, Factories Lake, and Grease refining plants. PAHs were extracted by QuEChERS methodology and Analyzed by GCMSMS/TQD. The results of PAHs concertation in wastewater ranged from 19.55 -278.29 µg/l for Naphthalene, 21.09 -223.69 µg/l for Anthracene, and 14.05-123.11 for Chrysene. Tanning factory non-treated wastewater had the highest concentration of examined 3 PAHs. Results showed also the highest PAHs concentrations was in tanning factory non-treated wastewater, followed by carton factories, tanning factory treated wastewater, Grease refining plants, Factories Lake, and then the main treatment plant. These outcomes of this study can be used to deliver significant guidelines concerning habitants of the area for possible measures for controlling PAHs contamination in Riyadh industrial city to protect human health and ensure environmental and wastewater sustainability.

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Uptake, translocation and health risk assessment of nonylphenol in vegetables under reclaimed water irrigation

Hu,

Ma,

Gao

et al. 2024

Irrigation and Drainage

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Nonylphenol (NP) is one of the typical endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which can be harmful at very low concentrations. Municipal sewage and reclaimed water are its two main sources. EDCs can enter into the soil with reclaimed water irrigation and accumulate in plants, causing environmental and human health risks. The occurrence and migration of NP in soil‐crop systems were studied by pot experiments of lettuce and eggplants simulating long‐term irrigation with reclaimed water. The health risks were also evaluated. The experiments set treatments with different initial soil NP concentrations (0.28–6.42 mg/kg) and soil moisture (60%–90% field water capacity [FC]). After harvest, the NP in edible parts of lettuce and eggplants were 35.80–54.30 and 15.45–23.38 μg/kg, respectively. The residual amounts of NP in the soil‐lettuce system and soil‐eggplant system were limited with the residual rates of 0.9%–24.4% and 0.3%–14.5%, respectively. The results showed that the lettuce and eggplant tissues had the highest bioconcentration factors (BCFs) in 75% FC and the translocation factors (TFs) tended to decrease with the initial soil NP contents increased. The noncancer hazard quotients (HQ) for adults and children exposed to NP had the order of 10−5, which showed little health risk for reclaimed water irrigation.

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Fate of PAHs in treated wastewater reused as irrigation water: Environmental risks in water-soil-ryegrass multimedia system

Cited by 25 publications

References 47 publications

Field study of irrigation strategies with treated wastewater and saline water on heavy metal accumulation in barley grain

Field study of irrigation strategies with treated wastewater and saline water on heavy metal accumulation in barley grain

Monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in wastewater of industrial city, Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia

Uptake, translocation and health risk assessment of nonylphenol in vegetables under reclaimed water irrigation

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