Fate of triclopyr ester (Release®) in a boreal forest stream

Thompson, Dean G.; Staznik, Bozena; Fontaine, Donald D.; Mackay, Trudy F. C.; Oliver, G.; Troth, J.

doi:10.1002/etc.5620100508

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The expected environmental concentration, calculated as the concentration in a 15-cm deep body of water directly oversprayed at the maximum application rate of 4 kg/ha, has been reported as 2.7 mg/L for triclopyr [31]. Maximum stream water residues after a forest aerial application have been reported as 230 to 350 g/L after a direct over-spray applied at a rate of 3.84 kg/ha [32]. Maximum levels detected in the Willamette River Basin ranged from 0.72 to 6.0 g/L, with a detection rate of 8% in samples taken from 1992 to 1994 and 23% in 1996 [6,7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Test System to Evaluate the Susceptibility of Oregon, Usa, Native Stream Invertebrates to Triclopyr and Carbaryl

Peterson¹,

Jepson²,

Jenkins³

2001

Environ Toxicol Chem

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The susceptibility of six indigenous macroinvertebrate species representative of U.S. Pacific Northwest streams (Ameletus sp., Brachycentrus americanus, Calineuria californica, Cinygma sp., Lepidostoma unicolor, Psychoglypha sp. early and late instar) to formulated triclopyr ester (herbicide) and carbaryl (insecticide) was determined using laboratory bioassays. Acute toxicity was expressed as the lethal concentration to 50% (LC50) and 1% (LC1) of the test population based on a 96-h exposure duration. Carbaryl was found to be 1,000 times more toxic than triclopyr for all the organisms tested. The LCI values (7.5, 28.8, 9.0, 3.0, 9.5, 14.8, 33.8 microg/L, respectively, for carbaryl and 1.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.2, 29.0, 16.1 mg/L, respectively, for triclopyr) were used in the calculation of hazardous concentration to 5% of the stream macroinvertebrate community (HC5) based on the lower 95% confidence limit (HC5/95). The hazardous concentration (HC5/95) for triclopyr was 0.11 mg/L and for carbaryl ranged from 0.43 to 0.66 microg/L, respectively. Triclopyr and carbaryl symptomology were analyzed for two organisms, C. californica and Cinygma sp. Carbaryl symptomology included knockdown and moribund states with severity and time of appearance being a function of dose. In triclopyr poisoning, death occurred suddenly with little or no symptomology. Time to 50% mortality (LT50) values were consistently higher for C. californica than for Cinygma sp. exposed to both chemicals at similar concentrations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3). At intermediate concentrations (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) g/L), the majority of the population showed effects at 48 h (e.g., 20 and 30 g/L, Fig. 4B and C).…”

Section: Time-to-effects and Symptomology Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Test System to Evaluate the Susceptibility of Oregon, Usa, Native Stream Invertebrates to Triclopyr and Carbaryl

Peterson¹,

Jepson²,

Jenkins³

2001

Environ Toxicol Chem

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“…DAVID P. KREUTZWEISER trations within 3 to 12 hr (Sundaram, 1991;Thompson et al, 1991;Kreutzweiser and Wood, 1991). The only species that exhibited a lethal response to the Azatin formulation in flowthrough tests, the mayfly I. bicolor/rufa, gave no evidence of lethal response to the neem concentrate.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 94%

Nontarget Effects of Neem-Based Insecticides on Aquatic Invertebrates

Kreutzweiser

1997

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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“…However, such inputs typically generate substan-tially lower concentrations (approximately 1 To of the worst-case EEC) in the aquatic compartment [6,7]. Thus, the EEC and attendant risk assessment may vary with the assumptions made in calculating the EEC value, the use rate of the chemical in question, and the mechanism of input being considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of hexazinone and metsulfuron methyl on the phytoplankton community of a mixed‐wood/boreal forest lake

Thompson

Holmes

Thomas

et al. 1993

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The impact of two herbicides on the phytoplankton community of a typical forest lake was investigated using in situ enclosures. Chronic exposure to hexazinone resulted in concentration‐dependent depression of DO, which mirrored reductions in biomass of all dominant phytoplankton groups (Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Chrysophyta, Cryptophyta, and Bacilliarophyceae). Although effects observed at the lowest treatment level of hexazinone (0.01 mg L−1) were transient, no evidence of recovery in biomass was discernible at higher test concentrations within the 77 d of investigation. In contrast, metsulfuron methyl at concentrations as high as 1.0 mg L−1 (approximately 40× the worst‐case expected environmental concentration [EEC]) induced only slight transient effects and only in the Cyanophyta. For hexazinone, 95% C.I.s (0.01‐0.07 mg L−1) for nonlinear estimates of EC50 (biomass reduction) were generally an order of magnitude below the EEC for accidental overspray (0.8 mg L−1) and below the EEC estimated for drift inputs associated with aerial applications in forest vegetation management. Results of this replicated concentration‐response study demonstrate substantial, statistically significant, and persistent impacts on natural phytoplankton communities chronically exposed to hexazinone at levels >0.1 mg LT−1. In contrast, no similar effects were observed in phytoplankton communities exposed to metsulfuron methyl at levels well in excess of its EEC values.

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Fate of triclopyr ester (Release®) in a boreal forest stream

Cited by 30 publications

References 6 publications

A Test System to Evaluate the Susceptibility of Oregon, Usa, Native Stream Invertebrates to Triclopyr and Carbaryl

A Test System to Evaluate the Susceptibility of Oregon, Usa, Native Stream Invertebrates to Triclopyr and Carbaryl

Nontarget Effects of Neem-Based Insecticides on Aquatic Invertebrates

Impact of hexazinone and metsulfuron methyl on the phytoplankton community of a mixed‐wood/boreal forest lake

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