Fate of Triton X‐100 Applications on Water and Soil Environments: A Review

Abstract

Triton X‐100 applications as surfactant raises concern on water and soil environment due to its non‐biodegradability and inhibition effect. This paper aims at reviewing Triton X‐100 biodegradability and inhibition literature. It shows Triton X‐100 is biodegradable by aerobic and anaerobic municipal wastewater sludge and Vibrio cyclitrophicus‐sp‐Nov organism. Adsorption and biodegradation are mechanisms of Triton removal. Triton inhibits anaerobic sludge organisms and some single aerobic organisms. Inhibition mechanisms are substrate shortage, physiological membrane‐damaging and/or alteration in organism cell membrane. Thus Triton X‐100 fate in the environment and its sustainable application can be controlled via proper selection of organism type, Triton concentration, and substrate.

Aspergillus niger-mediated bioremediation of Triton X-100-contaminated resources

“…subglutinans, Penicillium chrysogenum, Cryptococcus albidus, and Agaricus bitorquis. Thus, our results indicate that A. niger is more tolerant to Triton X-100 than all other species tested and confirm the findings of Benoit-Guyod et al [30] that the type of fungus is the key to effective handling of pentachlorophenol as well as the findings of AbuGhunmi et al [10] that correct selection of the biodegrading organism is important in effective handling of Triton X-100.…”

“…It is clear that the amount of Triton eliminated and measured by spectrophotometry is larger than that eliminated and measured by oxygen consumption. This indicates that A. niger uses 2 mechanisms to purify Triton-contaminated water, namely, adsorption and biodegradation [10] and that adsorption is faster than biodegradation. The mechanism underlying adsorption could be attributed to the hydrophobic nature of both Triton and the cell wall of A. niger [33].…”

“…In fact, Triton X-100 is extensively used in biomedical applications such separation of proteins [9]. A primary source of concern surrounding Triton X-100 is that its toxicity and biodegradation depend on external conditions such concentration, contact time and the organism being treated [10].…”

Influence of Nonionic Surfactants on Fungal and Bacterial Degradation of Hexane

“…a suggest that 0.5 CMC B30 and T80 increased the hexane removal while B35 and TX100 showed no improvement to the degradation process. Higher fungal growth (7.0–40.0 mg L −1 higher biomass than control) was observed for all surfactants except for TX100 as it exhibited toxic effects to the fungal culture . However, TX100 can be a good candidate when seeking for comparable hexane degradation at a much lower biomass accumulation.…”

The fish egg microbiome : diversity and activity against the oomycete pathogen Saprolegnia

“…degradation) and/or a too short exposure time may have caused a lack of in vivo activity. Biosurfactants have been shown to be degraded in aquatic systems and non-sterile soil (Abd-Allah and Srorr, 1998;Nielsen and Sørensen, 2003;Abu-Ghunmi et al, 2014) and the same may have occurred in the salmon egg incubation units. The fate of the biosurfactants could not be analysed by RP-HPLC analysis, since the applied concentrations were below the detection limit.…”