Fate of undigested proteins in the pig large intestine: What impact on the colon epithelium?

Blachier, François; Andriamihaja, Mireille; Kong, Xiangfeng

doi:10.1016/j.aninu.2021.08.001

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 108 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Indeed, when provided in a free form, AA are rapidly absorbed in the proximal small intestine ( 58 ). In contrast, the microbiota density is higher in the distal part of the digestive tract, mostly in the ileum, caecum, and colon ( 59 ). One potential strategy to circumvent this lack of space/time synchrony between dietary free AA release and microbiota, would be to delay the release of specific free AA by using protective delivery systems such as fat matrix encapsulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective nourishing of gut microbiota with amino acids: A novel prebiotic approach?

Beaumont

Roura²,

Lambert³

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Prebiotics are dietary substrates which promote host health when utilized by desirable intestinal bacteria. The most commonly used prebiotics are non-digestible oligosaccharides but the prebiotic properties of other types of nutrients such as polyphenols are emerging. Here, we review recent evidence showing that amino acids (AA) could function as a novel class of prebiotics based on: (i) the modulation of gut microbiota composition, (ii) the use by selective intestinal bacteria and the transformation into bioactive metabolites and (iii) the positive impact on host health. The capacity of intestinal bacteria to metabolize individual AA is species or strain specific and this property is an opportunity to favor the growth of beneficial bacteria while constraining the development of pathogens. In addition, the chemical diversity of AA leads to the production of multiple bacterial metabolites with broad biological activities that could mediate their prebiotic properties. In this context, we introduce the concept of “Aminobiotics,” which refers to the functional role of some AA as prebiotics. We also present studies that revealed synergistic effects of the co-administration of AA with probiotic bacteria, indicating that AA can be used to design novel symbiotics. Finally, we discuss the difficulty to bring free AA to the distal gut microbiota and we propose potential solutions such as the use of delivery systems including encapsulation to bypass absorption in the small intestine. Future studies will need to further identify individual AA, dose and mode of administration to optimize prebiotic effects for the benefit of human and animal health.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective nourishing of gut microbiota with amino acids: A novel prebiotic approach?

Beaumont

Roura²,

Lambert³

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Dietary protein has been reported to be mainly responsible for the concentration of biogenic amines in the colon of pigs [ 53 ]. While branched-chain fatty acids are produced by the deamination of valine, leucine and isoleucine, amines are produced by the decarboxylation of different AAs [ 53 ]. The digestive system of piglets in the current study can be considered as rapidly developing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Oral Glutamine Supplementation, Birthweight and Age on Colonic Morphology and Microbiome Development in Male Suckling Piglets

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mortality, impaired development and metabolic dysfunctions of suckling low-birthweight piglets may be influenced by modulating the intestinal microbiome through glutamine supplementation. Therefore, this study examined whether glutamine supplementation may affect the colonic development and microbiome composition of male low- and normal-birthweight piglets at 5 and 12 days of age. Suckling piglets were supplemented orally with glutamine or alanine. Colonic digesta samples were obtained for 16S rDNA sequencing, determination of bacterial metabolites and histomorphological tissue analyses. Glutamine-supplemented piglets had lower concentrations of cadaverine and spermidine in the colonic digesta (p < 0.05) and a higher number of CD3+ colonic intraepithelial lymphocytes compared to alanine-supplemented piglets (p < 0.05). Low-birthweight piglets were characterised by a lower relative abundance of Firmicutes, the genera Negativibacillus and Faecalibacterium and a higher abundance of Alistipes (p < 0.05). Concentrations of cadaverine and total biogenic amines (p < 0.05) and CD3+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (p < 0.05) were lower in low- compared with normal-birthweight piglets. In comparison to the factor age, glutamine supplementation and birthweight were associated with minor changes in microbial and histological characteristics of the colon, indicating that ontogenetic factors play a more important role in intestinal development.

show abstract

“…Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide are also produced during the microbial fermentation of amino acids in the distal colon [87,103]. Bacterial production of ammonia involves either deamination of amino acids or hydrolysis of urea through ureases [56,88,132].…”

Section: Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ammonia is considered a toxic fermentation by-product; thus, it is converted back to urea via enterohepatic circulation and excreted in urine [132]. In pigs, as well as in other hosts, a high-protein diet increases the production of ammonia; conversely, decreasing the protein or including fiber in the diet reduces ammonia production [56,103,151,152]. In a high-protein diet, where ammonia production is elevated, ammonia inhibits mitochondrial oxygen consumption and SCFA oxidation [87].…”

Section: Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like ammonia, the effect of hydrogen sulfide on the host depends on its concentration. Hydrogen sulfide acts as an energy substrate for colonocytes and a signaling molecule at low micromolar levels; in contrast, at low millimolar levels, it inhibits cytochrome oxidase activity in the mitochondria [102,103]. At high concentrations, hydrogen sulfide can also hinder cell proliferation and induce intestinal inflammation [102].…”

Section: Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfidementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Gut microbiome-produced metabolites in pigs: a review on their biological functions and the influence of probiotics

Vasquez¹,

Oh²,

Song³

et al. 2022

J Anim Sci Technol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The gastrointestinal tract is a complex ecosystem that contains a large number of microorganisms with different metabolic capacities. Modulation of the gut microbiome can improve the growth and promote health in pigs. Crosstalk between the host, diet, and the gut microbiome can influence the health of the host, potentially through the production of several metabolites with various functions. Short-chain and branched-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, polyamines, indoles, and phenolic compounds are metabolites produced by the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome can also produce neurotransmitters (such as γ-aminobutyric acid, catecholamines, and serotonin), their precursors, and vitamins. Several studies in pigs have demonstrated the importance of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in improving growth performance and feed efficiency, alleviating stress, and providing protection from pathogens. The use of probiotics is one of the strategies employed to target the gut microbiome of pigs. Promising results have been published on the use of probiotics in optimizing pig production. This review focuses on the role of gut microbiome-derived metabolites in the performance of pigs and the effects of probiotics on altering the levels of these metabolites.

show abstract

Fate of undigested proteins in the pig large intestine: What impact on the colon epithelium?

Cited by 16 publications

References 108 publications

Selective nourishing of gut microbiota with amino acids: A novel prebiotic approach?

Selective nourishing of gut microbiota with amino acids: A novel prebiotic approach?

Effects of Oral Glutamine Supplementation, Birthweight and Age on Colonic Morphology and Microbiome Development in Male Suckling Piglets

Gut microbiome-produced metabolites in pigs: a review on their biological functions and the influence of probiotics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About