Fates of Au, Ag, ZnO, and CeO₂Nanoparticles in Simulated Gastric Fluid Studied using Single-Particle-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

The increasing use of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in many industries has generated significant research interest regarding their impact on the environment and human health. The major routes of ENPs to enter the human body are inhalation, skin contact, and ingestion. Following ingestion, ENPs have a long contact time in the human stomach. Hence, it is essential to know the fate of the ENPs under gastric conditions. This study aims to investigate the fate of the widely used nanoparticles Ag-NP, Au-NP, CeO 2 -NP, and ZnO-NP in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) under different conditions through the application of single-particle inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS). The resulting analytical methods have size detection limits for

Methanol-based extraction protocol for insoluble and moderately water-soluble nanoparticles in plants to enable characterization by single particle ICP-MS

“…Additionally, ZnO NPs may be vulnerable to dissolution during the dilution step required before spICP-MS measurement. The high dissolution rate of ZnO NP in water has been documented elsewhere [62]; however, here we find the ZnO NP is relatively stable in the MeOH digestion solution (presented below). Thus, care should be taken to not allow diluted samples to sit for long periods prior to measurement.…”

Analytical applications of single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: a comprehensive and critical review

“…Fate studies performed with spiked Ag nanoparticles in food simulants complement the migration tests of silver from food containers discussed above, allowing to obtain information about the oxidation of silver nanoparticles to dissolved forms. 121,122 In relation to the potential human exposure to engineered nanoparticles through ingestion, the behaviours of Ag, 123,124 but also of Au, 123 CeO 2 123 and ZnO 110,123 nanoparticles along in vitro gastrointestinal digestions have been studied by SP-ICP-MS through the direct spiking of the digestion fluids 123,124 or foods submitted to the in vitro digestions. 110,125 With respect to the dermal exposure to consumer products containing Ag nanoparticles, laboratory experiments with artificial sweat have allowed to detect changes in size of the nanoparticles.…”

“…Soil studies have focused on the interaction of the nanoparticles with soil components, that control their transformations as well as their retention and mobility. 157,162,164,165 Most studies with environmental samples have focused on Ag nanoparticles, 104,[121][122][123][124][125][126][129][130][131][132][133][134][135][137][138][139][140][141][142][143][146][147][148]150,[152][153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160]275,163,164,166 as well as their transformation products, Ag 2 S and AgCl. 134,140 Other nanoparticles studied include TiO 2 , 136,144,148,...…”

“…The influence of the coating 104,129,130,138,141,142,146,157,162,163 and the size 123,126,149,150,155,159,163,165,166,275 of the spiked nanoparticles on the transformations studied have also been considered. Fate studies focus on the transformations of the nanoparticles in relation to their potential toxicity.…”

“…[130][131][132]136,138,141,149,155,164 In general, the mean/median size and size distributions are the most frequent measurands. These measurands are related to the stability of the nanoparticles, but also to their aggregation 110,[122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129]131,133,136,138,139,141,145,148,152,157,158,[162][163][164]166 and dissolution. 138,143,144,147,151 For this reason, the concentration of the dissolved element has also been considered in different studies.…”