Father, mother, and stranger as elicitors of attachment behaviors in infancy.

Cohen, Leslie J.; Campos, Joseph J.

doi:10.1037/h0035559

Cited by 100 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Several studies suggest that this is indeed true. Under stress, infants of 10 to 18 months of age are more likely to seek comfort from their mothers than from their fathers when both are present [5,20,21] although they organize their behavior similarly around whichever parent is with them when only one is present [5,17,21]. These results support the conclusion that infants are attached to both parents, although they show preferences for their mothers in certain circumstances.…”

supporting

confidence: 78%

Parent-infant interaction in 8-month-olds

Lamb

1976

Child Psych Hum Dev

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Twenty 8-month-olds were observed interacting with their parents in a structured laboratory situation. Their responses to separations from each parent and the entrance of a strange adult were recorded. These events did not result in the predicted intensification of parental preferences. Before and after the "stressors," infants showed slight and equivocal preferences for their mothers over their fathers. Implications are briefly described.

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supporting

confidence: 78%

Parent-infant interaction in 8-month-olds

Lamb

1976

Child Psych Hum Dev

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“…Subsequently,Kotelchuck has reported that similar results are obtained when the procedures are performed in the infants' homes, rather than in the laboratory (Ross et al, 1975). Cohen and Campos (1974) have reported that in infants of 10, 13, and 16 months of age, proximity seeking measures showed mothers to be superior elicitors of attachment behaviors (compared with fathers). The experimental proce dure, however, involved 1-min episodes, following each of which the infants were replaced at the starting position.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 51%

Fathers: Forgotten Contributors to Child Development

Lamb¹

1975

Human Development

278

115

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Theoretical and research literature on the role of fathers in child development is reviewed. The first section points out that there is little known about father-infant interaction, and the impact of the father on infant social development, though diverse theoretical perspectives all assume that the father’s role is minimal, and, at best, indirect. It is suggested that this assumption is unsubstantiated. Fathers are believed to play an influential role in later child development, though the theoretical assumptions, again, are inadequately validated by research. A new hypothesis is proposed whereby fathers are seen as playing a vitally important role in socialization, yet one which is qualitatively different from that played by mothers. Various research designs are suggested whereby this hypothesis can be subject to empirical validation.

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“…Kotelchuck (1972Kotelchuck ( , 1976, Kotelchuck et al (1975), Ross et al (1975) and Spelke et al (1973) have compared the degree of attachment to mothers and fathers. Though they also concluded that infants are attached to both parents from at least 12 months of age, their findings are less impressive because the separation-protest index upon which they rely (Schaffer and Emerson, 1964) fails to reflect preferences evident on other measures (Cohen and Campos, 1974), and thus appears to be an insensitive measure of infant preference.…”

Section: The Breadth O F the Infant Social Worldmentioning

confidence: 90%

A Re-Examination of the Infant Social World

Lamb¹

1977

Human Development

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Social developmentalists have traditionally viewed infants as passive recipients of social stimulation, limited to significant relationships only with their mothers. Recent evidence suggests that this notion is incorrect on both counts. Infants are shown to be active participants in their interactions with other persons. Furthermore, infants have, or are capable of, relationships with fathers, siblings, and peers. Other examples of social sophistication are discussed. It is concluded that progress in the understanding of socioper-sonality development will be achieved only when the competence of infants and the multi-dimensionality of the infant social world are acknowledged.

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Father, mother, and stranger as elicitors of attachment behaviors in infancy.

Cited by 100 publications

References 12 publications

Parent-infant interaction in 8-month-olds

Parent-infant interaction in 8-month-olds

Fathers: Forgotten Contributors to Child Development

A Re-Examination of the Infant Social World

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