Fatigue analysis of tripods and jackets for offshore wind turbines

Alati, Natale; Arena, Felice; Failla, Giuseppe; Nava, Vincenzo

doi:10.1201/b11810-164

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…Tripods keep a central column under a wind turbine tower following the same structure as that of a monopile, but connected through a tubular structure to three lower legs where piles will be placed, which will transfer load to the ground in the end [58]. This structure combines the structural function of a jacket foundation, as a triangular structure, with that of the monopile, keeping a core with great resistance to flexion [59].…”

Section: Tripodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the extent that it is possible to optimize the tripod foundation, its cost will get closer to that of jacket foundations, since tripod fabrication is simpler than that of a jacket foundation due to the lower number of joints, as well as the fact that it requires one less pile, with consequent savings during installation [62]. This is why it can be foreseen that the tripod foundation could be a very competitive alternative in the following years for those locations where water depth is above 40 m [58]. In Figure 6, we can observe a Tripod foundation transportation and installation, as well as a general view of both types of foundations (jackets and tripods) installed at an Alpha Ventus windfarm project.…”

Section: Tripodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wind Turbines Offshore Foundations and Connections to Grid

et al. 2020

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Most offshore wind farms built thus far are based on waters below 30 m deep, either using big diameter steel monopiles or a gravity base. Now, offshore windfarms are starting to be installed in deeper waters and the use of these structures—used for oil and gas like jackets and tripods—is becoming more competitive. Setting aside these calls for direct or fixed foundations, and thinking of water depths beyond 50 m, there is a completely new line of investigation focused on the usage of floating structures; TLP (tension leg platform), Spar (large deep craft cylindrical floating caisson), and semisubmersible are the most studied. We analyze these in detail at the end of this document. Nevertheless, it is foreseen that we must still wait sometime before these solutions, based on floating structures, can become truth from a commercial point of view, due to the higher cost, rather than direct or fixed foundations. In addition, it is more likely that some technical modifications in the wind turbines will have to be implemented to improve their function. Regarding wind farm connections to grid, it can be found from traditional designs such as radial, star or ring. On the other hand, for wind generator modeling, classifications can be established, modeling the wind turbine and modeling the wind farm. Finally, for the wind generator control, the main strategies are: passive stall, active stall, and pitch control; and when it is based on wind generation zone: fixed speed and variable speed. Lastly, the trend is to use strategies based on synchronous machines, as the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and the wound rotor synchronous generator (WRSG).

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Section: Tripodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tripodsmentioning

confidence: 99%