Fatigue and Mechanical Properties of Graphene Nanoplatelets Reinforced Nr/Epdm Nanocomposites

Mohamad, Noraiham; Karim, K. I.; Mazliah, M.; Maulod, Hairul Effendy Ab; Razak, Jeefferie Abd; Azam, Mohd Asyadi; Kasim, Mohd Shahir; Izamshah, R.

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1082/1/012050

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The heat energy from the thermal cycles would attack the weak Van der Waals force between the graphene sheets layers rather than the stronger C-C covalent bond of the graphene. Meanwhile, the reduction of peak at 2θ = 34.3 in the XRD spectra may be originated from the degradation of (002) plane of ZnO [10], from the thermal cycles effect.…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction Analysis (Xrd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tensile Properties Degradation of Thermally Aged NR/EPDM Blend and Nanocomposites for Engine Mounting

Karim¹,

Mohamad²,

Lin³

et al. 2020

MJCSM

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Nowadays, NR/EPDM have drawn great attention to most researchers to be utilized in an engine mounting. In service, majority of structures and components are subjected to service condition such as heat, liquids and stress of dynamic loading. This research is an effort to compare the thermal effects on physical and mechanical properties of NR/EPDM blend and NR/EPDM filled graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) for the potential usage in the engine mounting. The blends and nanocomposites were prepared through a melt compounding using a Banbury Internal Mixer, exposed to thermal cycles and tensile tested. The materials were heated alternately for 10 minutes at 60℃ and 120℃ for 0, 35, 70 and 150 cycles. Thermally aged NR/EPDM nanocomposites showed higher performance under tensile stress if compared to NR/EPDM blend. The tensile strength and elastic modulus were consistently 40% higher than the strength of the blend. This is due to the reinforcing effects of GNPs and their good interaction with the matrix. The reduction of tensile properties was due to the embrittlement effect and in line with the increase in amorphous phases from the broadening of XRD spectra. This has proven that the NR/EPDM nanocomposites can withstand thermal cycles, oils and fluctuating stress better than NR/EPDM blend and exhibited higher potential to be utilized as the engine mount material.

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Section: X-ray Diffraction Analysis (Xrd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both NR/EPDM blends and nanocomposites were synthesized via melt compounding according to ASTM D 3192 using Banbury BR 1600 internal mixer. The compounding formulation (Table 1) used was semi-efficient vulcanization (semi-EV) system [10]. About 1.12 kg at one time was mixed with fill factor of 0.7.…”

Section: Sample Preparation Testing and Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tensile Properties Degradation of Thermally Aged NR/EPDM Blend and Nanocomposites for Engine Mounting

Karim¹,

Mohamad²,

Lin³

et al. 2020

MJCSM

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“…Typically, the fatigue process in elastomers consists of two stages, crack nucleation in crack-free regions followed by crack growth to the failure point. [23] Therefore, both approaches, including crack nucleation and crack growth should be considered for estimating the effect of nanomaterials on the fatigue life of rubbers.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[20,21] Alipour et al [8,22] studied NR/EPDM blend reinforced by layered nanoclays and results demonstrated excellent endurance to ozone, solvent, and mechanical loading. Mohammad et al [23] illustrated the benefits of incorporation of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) in NR/EPDM blends including their effectiveness in enhancing the mechanical, fatigue, and swelling properties substantially. A pronounced reduction in the swelling index was noted when poly(ethyleneimine)-modified GNPs were incorporated as reinforcing agents of NR/EPDM instead of pristine GNPs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally occurring halloysite nanotubes for enhanced durability of natural rubber/ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber vulcanizate

Ghaderzadeh

Esmizadeh

Vahidifar

et al. 2021

Vinyl Additive Technology

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A facile approach of using halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) was proposed to address the durability performance demands of natural rubber (NR)/ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM) blends and to protect them from the deleterious effects of the service environment including ozone, chemicals, abrasion, and cyclic loading. The introduction of HNTs substantially improved the stability of NR/EPDM when exposed to ozone (over fourfold enhancement with the addition of 5 phr HNTs). Moreover, the HNT-filled NR/EPDM vulcanizates offered approximately 66% reduction in the solvent-mediated swelling in comparison to the unfilled sample. Fatigue life studies showed that the HNT-reinforced NR/EPDM composite could withstand 30% more cycles to failure than the un-reinforced NR/EPDM blend. The effect of various HNT loading on the morphological, mechanical, physical, and rheological properties of nanocomposite vulcanizates based on NR/EPDM was also investigated. The morphological investigations revealed that the introduction of HNT into the NR/EPDM rubber matrix caused a rough morphology in fracture surface and a well-dispersed structure was obtained with the addition of up to 5 phr of HNTs. These findings were further supported by rheological, mechanical, and thermodynamical results.

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“…Mohamad et al, [26] have stated that all types of rubbers and the polymeric system will undergo thermal degradation reactions, leading to a loss of mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. Hence, the graphene nanoplatelets are hypothesized as an alternative filler material to enhance epoxy composites' degradation resistance to a higher temperature and improve adhesion strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulcanization Bonded Natural Rubber-Aluminum by Chemically Modified Graphene Nanoplatelets-Epoxy Adhesive without Primer

Mazatul Nadia Mohd Zafri,

Noraiham Mohamad,

Mohd Edeerozey Abd Manaf

et al. 2023

ARFMTS

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Passive engine mounts have been widely used as the simplest solution to isolate the vibration, noise, and harshness from the engine and chassis for a smooth ride. It is mainly made from rubber and metal, requiring rubber-to-metal bonding. Most studies of rubber-to-metal via adhesive bond report the adhesion properties with the help of a primer. In this study, an adhesive system of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) reinforced epoxy resin was investigated for their potential to bond the natural rubber composites (NR) with aluminium alloy (AL-alloy) without any application of primer to assess the GNPs' unique contribution to the adhesion criteria. Chemically treated GNPs were mixed into an epoxy system via an ultrasonication method at 0, 0.5, 3.0, and 7.0 wt% loading variation. The epoxy/GNPs (E-GNP) adhesives were then applied to bond pre-etched Al-alloy sheets with NR composites through the vulcanization bonded. The vulcanization was taken placed in a hot press machine under the temperature of 140°C, a pressure of 100 kg/cm2 for 10 minutes before the samples were subjected to the peel test following ASTM D429. The bonding characteristics were further supported by morphological, compositional, thermal, and structural analyses via Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, and X-Ray Diffraction. From the results, the E-GNP adhesive system has proven to increase the maximum peel strength of the NR composites-Al alloy by up to 170 % if compared to the control epoxy system. The findings would be a promising technology for improving bonding strength between rubber-metal in diverse applications.

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Fatigue and Mechanical Properties of Graphene Nanoplatelets Reinforced Nr/Epdm Nanocomposites

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

Tensile Properties Degradation of Thermally Aged NR/EPDM Blend and Nanocomposites for Engine Mounting

Tensile Properties Degradation of Thermally Aged NR/EPDM Blend and Nanocomposites for Engine Mounting

Naturally occurring halloysite nanotubes for enhanced durability of natural rubber/ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber vulcanizate

Vulcanization Bonded Natural Rubber-Aluminum by Chemically Modified Graphene Nanoplatelets-Epoxy Adhesive without Primer

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