Inconel 718 alloy is the most commonly used material of aero-engine turbine today. However, Inconel 718 alloy is known to suffer from the fatigue crack propagation during engine operation, which will lead to unstable fracture and seriously threatens the safety of the engine. In this paper, we research the fatigue crack propagation process of Inconel 718 alloy unilateral notched standard CT specimen at room temperature (298.15 K), 573.15 K, and 823.15 K under the type I cyclic fatigue load. The ABAQUS is used for numerical simulation. First, parametric models are established. Second, the extended finite-element method (XFEM) is used to in the calculation process for describing the crack state. Third, the stress intensity factor at the crack tip under different temperatures is calculated, and the extended finite-element crack length is solved to obtain the fatigue crack growth rate da/dN curve. The innovation is we use the XEFM method to predict the fatigue crack growth process of Inconel 718 alloy, and compare it with the test results to verify the reliability of the XEFM method under low stress intensity factor. We also provide some possible reasons for the error of XEFM results under high stress intensity factors, and the development of simulation methods should be emphasized.