Fatigue‐related depression of the feline monosynaptic gastrocnemius–soleus reflex

Kalezic, Ivana; Bugaychenko, Larisa A.; Kostyukov, A. I.; Pilyavskii, A. I.; Ljubisavljević, Miloš; Windhorst, U.; Johansson, Håkan

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2003.053249

Cited by 37 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…Second, group III and IV afferents may alter recurrent inhibition. In the cat, Renshaw cells tended to become less responsive (Windhorst et al, 1997;Kalezic et al, 2004), whereas in humans, recurrent inhibition was increased (Kukulka et al, 1986;Rossi et al, 2003). Finally, group III and IV muscle afferents may mediate changes in motoneuron afterhyperpolarization during fatigue; however, at least in the cat, this does not slow motoneuron discharge (Windhorst et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Fatigue-Sensitive Afferents Inhibit Extensor but Not Flexor Motoneurons in Humans

Martin¹,

Smith²,

Butler³

et al. 2006

J. Neurosci.

161

159

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The role of group III and IV muscle afferents in controlling the output from human muscles is poorly understood. We investigated the effects of these afferents from homonymous or antagonist muscles on motoneuron pools innervating extensor and flexor muscles of the elbow. In study 1, subjects (n ϭ 8) performed brief maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) of elbow extensors before and after a 2 min MVC of the extensors. During MVCs, electromyographic responses from triceps were evoked by stimulation of the corticospinal tracts [cervicomedullary motor evoked potentials (CMEPs)]. The same subjects repeated the protocol, but input from fatigue-sensitive afferents was prolonged after the fatiguing contraction by maintained muscle ischemia. In study 2, CMEPs were evoked in triceps during brief extensor MVCs before and after a 2 min sustained flexor MVC (n ϭ 7) or in biceps during brief flexor MVCs before and after a sustained extensor MVC (n ϭ 7). Again, ischemia was maintained after the sustained contractions. During sustained MVCs of the extensors, CMEPs in triceps decreased by ϳ35%. Without muscle ischemia, CMEPs recovered within 15 s, but with maintained ischemia, they remained depressed (by ϳ28%; p Ͻ 0.001). CMEPs in triceps were also depressed (by ϳ20%; p Ͻ 0.001) after fatiguing flexor contractions, whereas CMEPs in biceps were facilitated (by ϳ25%; p Ͻ 0.001) after fatiguing extensor contractions. During fatigue, inputs from group III and IV muscle afferents from homonymous or antagonist muscles depress extensor motoneurons but facilitate flexor motoneurons. The more pronounced inhibitory influence of these afferents on extensors suggests that these muscles may require greater cortical drive to generate force during fatigue.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Fatigue-Sensitive Afferents Inhibit Extensor but Not Flexor Motoneurons in Humans

Martin¹,

Smith²,

Butler³

et al. 2006

J. Neurosci.

161

159

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Many previous studies showed that supraspinal and spinal neural mechanisms account for the development of muscle fatigue 16,22,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30] . Decreases in descending inputs, Ia inputs from muscle spindles, and inhibitory inputs from group III and IV fibers to the MN *Correspondence: komiyama@faculty.chiba-u.jp during muscular fatigue have been proposed as potential mechanisms responsible for reducing MN excitability 22,[26][27][28]31) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of homosynaptic depression during voluntary contraction and muscle fatigue with different test reflex size

Takahashi

Endoh

Nakajima

et al. 2013

JPFSM

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The Hoffmann (H-) reflex can be depressed when elicited repetitively at a frequency of ~1 Hz. This H-reflex depression is termed homosynaptic depression (HD) and is attributed to impaired neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic Ia terminal. In the present study, we systematically evaluated the extent to which HD in the soleus was modulated by the level of homonymous muscle contraction and the size of the test H-reflex. Changes in HD were also assessed while the target muscle was subjected to fatigue. The participants were 11 healthy male volunteers aged 20−25 years. HD was induced by delivering a percutaneous electrical stimulus at 1 Hz to the right posterior peroneal nerve. HD was proportional to the size of the test reflex size up to 60% of the maximum size of the direct motor response (M max), at which point values plateaued. HD decreased significantly during voluntary contraction of the homonymous muscle (range, <20% of maximal voluntary contraction [MVC]), irrespective of the degree of contraction. Within 1−5 minutes after completing 4 sets of the MVC for 60 s with ischemic arterial blockade, the degree of HD decreased significantly when the test reflex size was <60% of the Mmax. We conclude that test reflex size is a crucial factor when evaluating the nature of HD. Furthermore, HD reduction during voluntary contraction and muscle fatigue may represent an innate mechanism that serves to retain Ia transmission.

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“…Under some experimental conditions (in experiments on animals with intact systems of supraspinal control and in tests on humans), the stretch reflex was facilitated under nociceptive influences [4][5][6][7][8][9], while under other conditions (in experiments on decerebrated animals) it was suppressed [10]. In addition, the effects of pain could depend on the site of its initiation with respect to the muscles directly involved in realization of the reflex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of Local and Remote Muscle Pain on Stretch ReflexActivities in the Elbow Joint Flexors and Extensors of Unanesthetized Cats

Tal'nov

2009

Neurophysiology

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In experiments on unanesthetized cats, we compared the effects of experimentally induced pain in the m. biceps brachii or in the neck muscles on EMG activity of the flexors and extensors of the elbow joint (mm. biceps et triceps brachii, respectively) evoked by a passive extension-flexion of the above joint. Muscle pain was induced by injections of 0.5 ml of a hypertonic (7%) NaCl solution into the above-mentioned muscles. In the case of pain in the biceps, i.e., in the muscle directly involved in realization of the reflex, we observed an increase in the amplitude and significant shortening of the latency of EMG responses of this muscle. The amplitude of a short-latency (supposedly monosynaptic) component of the biceps reflex (М1 response) increased by 65%, while an increment of the latter (supposedly polysynaptic) М2 component was 117%. When pain was induced in anatomically remote neck muscles, the stretch reflex in the biceps was considerably suppressed. The maximum amplitudes of the М1 and М2 components decreased by 25 and 30%, respectively, but the latencies of these components decreased significantly, similarly to what was observed in the case of induction of experimental pain in the biceps. Under both conditions of experimental pain, changes in the parameters of EMG responses of the forearm extensor (m. triceps brachii) demonstrated similarity with those of the biceps responses. The maximum effect of pain induction was observed within the first 5 min after injections of the hypertonic solution; full recovery of the stretch reflex parameters was observed on the 20th to 30th min. We conclude that the effects of pain induction on the reflex under study are not generalized. They depend on the site of such induction with respect to the muscle where the stretch reflex is elicited. Unidirectional effects of both types of pain on the antagonist muscles allow us to suppose that modulation of the reflex reactions upon pain induction is mediated by influences from the supraspinal CNS structures. Induction of pain in the biceps increased the amplitude of EMG manifestations of the stretch reflex, while such induction in the neck muscles decreased such responses; nonetheless, in both cases the latency of the reflexes decreased. This fact allows us to believe that the sensitivity of muscle spindles increased under both conditions of the pain influence.

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Fatigue‐related depression of the feline monosynaptic gastrocnemius–soleus reflex

Cited by 37 publications

References 61 publications

Fatigue-Sensitive Afferents Inhibit Extensor but Not Flexor Motoneurons in Humans

Fatigue-Sensitive Afferents Inhibit Extensor but Not Flexor Motoneurons in Humans

Modulation of homosynaptic depression during voluntary contraction and muscle fatigue with different test reflex size

Effects of Local and Remote Muscle Pain on Stretch ReflexActivities in the Elbow Joint Flexors and Extensors of Unanesthetized Cats

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