Fatigue, sleep quality and mental health symptoms in Brazilian women during the COVID-19 pandemic: longitudinal study

Abstract

To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the variables of sleep quality, fatigue, anxiety, and depression in healthy Brazilian women. Longitudinal observational study conducted through an online questionnaire with women in 2020 and 2021. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Fatigue Severity Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used. The data were analyzed descriptively and the comparison between the data obtained in the first and second evaluation was performed using the McNemar test. A logistic regression was applied to test the association between the variables that showed a significant difference. A total of 235 women responded to the questionnaires. There was a significant increase in fatigue between the two moments (p < 0.05). In the first assessment, depression (OR: 2.39; 95% CI: 1.14–4.99), anxiety (OR: 2.68; 95% CI: 1.37–5.22) and sleep quality (OR: 4.01; 95% CI: 1.71–9.67) were associated with fatigue. In the second assessment, depression (OR: 2.93; 95% CI: 1.19–7.18) and anxiety (OR: 2.69; 95% CI: 1.27–5.71) were associated with fatigue. There was an impact on biopsychosocial aspects during the COVID-19 pandemic, with worsening of fatigue symptoms within a 6-month interval. In addition, fatigue was associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety, and worse sleep quality in the first year of the pandemic, remaining associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety in the second year of the pandemic in the country.

“Pandemic Fatigue” in South America: A Multi-Center Report from Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay

“…Although we have not found a significant association between fatigue levels and gender, recent research studies have found that women were more likely to suffer from fatigue since they had to deal with additional tasks during the pandemic such as children’s home-schooling and more domestic work [ 26 ]. Similarly, lower levels of education were significantly associated with higher pandemic fatigue in some research findings [ 27 , 28 ]; we did not find a significant association between levels of education and levels of fatigue across the surveyed countries.…”

COVID-19 Salgını Döneminde Anksiyete: Yaygınlığı, Etkileri ve Yatkınlık Faktörleri

“…Gambin et al (2021) observed that moderate anxiety symptoms decreased in only 10% of the participants according to scale scores at the end of 5 different waves of the pandemic between March 2020 and May 2021 in Poland. In the Brazilian sample, which included only female participants, the incidence of anxiety symptoms according to selfreport scale scores was 64.7% in the first year of the pandemic (September 2020) and 66.8% in the second year (November 2021) (Dos- Santos et al 2022).…”