“…High/ultrahigh-strength steel has become an increasing choice for the manufacturing industries of machinery, marine structures, offshore structures, bridge structures, and other engineering facilities with excellent strength-to-self weight ratios and mechanical properties (Miki et al, 2002;Feng and Qian, 2018b;Ahola et al, 2019b;Chung et al, 2020). The integrity of these structures experiencing service cyclic loading under different environmental actions (e.g., wave, heavy traffic, wind, current, and seismic loadings) is directly dependent on the material fatigue properties and structural designs of local details.…”