Fatores associados a não realização de exame citopatológico em São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, 2015: estudo transversal de base populacional*

Abstract

Objective: to estimate the prevalence of Pap tests not performed in the last three years and never performed in women and to analyze factors. Methods: this was a cross-sectional study with women aged 20 to 69 years living in São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil, in 2015; prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated using Poisson regression. Results: among 919 women, prevalence of delayed testing was 17.8% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]15.4;20.3) and never tested prevalence was 8.1% (95%CI6.3%;9.8%); in the adjusted analysis, the increase in the prevalence of delayed testing was associated with economic class D/E (PR=2.1 -95%CI1.3;3.5), being aged 20-29 years (PR=3.2 -95%CI2.1;4.9) and not having had a medical appointment (PR=3.0 -95%CI2.1;4.1); never having tested was associated with economic class D/E (PR=2.6 -95%CI1.4;5.0), being aged 20-29 years (PR=24.1 -95%CI6.4;90.9), and not having had a medical appointment (PR=2.9 -95%CI1.7;4.8). Conclusion: coverage of the test was high but characterized by social inequality.

Pap smears in the extreme South of Brazil: low coverage and exposure of the most vulnerable pregnant women

“…Similar to other studies, pregnant women who received prenatal care in the public sector had a higher PR for not undergoing CC compared to those assisted in the private sector (private doctor and/or health insurance) 27 , 28 , 30 . Having a greater number of prenatal consultations increases the probability of pregnant women undergoing CC.…”

“…In Rio Grande, as skin color darkens, the probability of not performing cervical cytology increases. This fact was also observed in other studies and has been denounced for at least two decades 27 – 31 , 32 . This inequality, very evident when it comes to care during pregnancy and childbirth, has repeated itself, seeming to have been consolidated as a structural practice 32 , 33 .…”

“…As a rule, the higher the indicator, the better. In this study, as well as in several others, as income decreases and schooling worsens, the prevalence ratio for not performing CC grows higher 27 , 29 – 31 . Also in this study, it was verified that having an employed partner, as well as having a paid job during the gestational period, showed an effect on the (non) performance of CC.…”

A atuação da enfermagem diante da não adesão ao exame citopatológico

“…O CCU está diretamente ligado a dois tipos de HPV mais frequentes, o tipo HPV-16 e HPV-18, diante disso compreende-se a importância das estratégias de rastreamento por meio do exame citopatológico para diagnóstico precoce do câncer e do HPV. 9 O procedimento de coleta do exame Citopatológico, conhecido popularmente como Papanicolau consiste em colher o material através do esfregaço do colo do útero e do seu óstio, esse exame é realizado por um médico(a) ou enfermeiro(a). [10][11] O câncer do colo do útero tem uma alta taxa de mortalidade, diante disso, podemos constatar a importância de um diagnóstico precoce por meio do exame citopatológico, bem como levar essa informação as pacientes para conscientização sobre os fatores de risco associados à doença e como prevenir.…”

Rastreamento e diagnóstico do Câncer de colo do útero pelo exame citológico de Papanicolau: fatores associados ao conhecimento e preconceito

“…Além disso, a mulher com câncer do colo do útero tem mais chances de desenvolver outros tipos de câncer, como o de bexiga, de ovário e de reto (FERREIRA et al, 2022). A baixa escolaridade é apontada como um fator que influencia a não realização do Papanicolau, provavelmente por questões de acesso à informação e conhecimento sobre a importância e necessidade do exame, o que pode levar ao aumento do preconceito para sua realização (COSTA et al, 2019).…”