Fatores associados à reincidência de gravidez após gestação na adolescência no Piauí, Brasil

Abstract

Objetivo: analisar fatores associados à reincidência de gravidez após gestação na adolescência. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado na capital e em cinco cidades do interior do Piauí, Brasil, em 2008-2009; foram calculadas odds ratios (OR) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC 95% ). Resultados: foram entrevistadas 639 mulheres de 17 a 22 anos de idade; 87,9% delas tiveram a primeira gestação entre 15 e 19 anos; a prevalência de reincidência de gravidez no período de dois anos após o término de uma gestação foi de 25,9% na capital e de 35,4% no interior; na análise multivariável, mostraram-se fatores associados morar no interior (OR=1,8; IC 95% 1,2;2,8), não estudar (OR=2,8; IC 95% 1,7;4,6), encontrar-se sob total dependência financeira (OR=2,7; IC 95% 1,4;5,3), aborto prévio (OR=2,7; IC 95% 1,7;4,3) e renda familiar até um salário mínimo. Conclusão: aspectos socioeconômicos e realização de aborto estiveram associados à reincidência de gravidez após dois anos.

Pregnancy recurrence in adolescents in Southern Brazil

“…12 In our sample, the mean time to a new pregnancy was 28.9 months, with an RRP rate of 26.8% (30/112). This value is similar to the 25.9% (120/464) found by Nery et al 20 in young mothers aged between 17 and 22 years in the city of Teresina (capital of the state of Piauí) and the 35.4% (62/175) detected by Nery et al 21 in five municipalities in the state's countryside. A study with data from the declarations of live births in the city of Rio de Janeiro, for the year 2002, identified an RRP rate of 5.2% (809/15,636) in adolescents aged between 10 and 19 years.…”

“…Therefore, formal education is presented as the main variable to solve the social problem of teenage pregnancy. 21 Our research has shown that every additional year of study in a girl's life provides increased protection against recurrence of pregnancy. This finding is in agreement with the scientific literature that assumes that the longer the girls continue to study, the more topics related to sexuality are addressed, allowing their empowerment regarding contraceptive methods.…”

“…Our study evaluated the recurrence of pregnancy in adolescents over a four-year period, unlike most studies, which include two-year periods. 2,6,8,20,21 Thus, it is possible to affirm that most of the studies only evaluate rates of RRP. It is estimated that between 10 and 50% of adolescents become pregnant again 24 months after a previous birth.…”

“…This is corroborated by other studies that point to formal education as the main factor associated with recurrence of pregnancy or lack thereof. 8,11,20,21 A study conducted in the United States with 193 adolescents between the ages of 13 and 19 years found that 77% of the girls had not finished high school. 12 Similar to these data, our study showed that 75% of the adolescents with recurrence had up to eight years of study in the previous pregnancy.…”

“…With the responsibilities of motherhood arising, many adolescents dropped out of school after getting pregnant. 21 Thus, it is possible to assume that young people who drop out of school early do not present the autonomy necessary to avoid a recurrent pregnancy. In addition, the lack of academic aspirations can be one of the factors causing school dropout and, indirectly, the recurrence of pregnancy in adolescents.…”