Fatores que influenciam na escolha da via de parto cirúrgica: uma revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

Nos últimos anos observa-se um considerável aumento do parto cirúrgico. Dados do Ministério da Saúde afirmam que 88% dos bebês que nascem nos hospitais privados no Brasil são por cirurgia, e no setor público chega a 40% dos partos, um número elevado ante os 15% recomendados pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Diante disso, esse trabalho propôs distinguir quais os fatores que influenciam na escolha da via de parto. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão narrativa da literatura científica nacional e internacional, consultadas nas bases de dados Lilacs, Scielo, e PubMed. Concluiu-se que muitos são os fatores que influenciam o comportamento materno em relação à preferência por determinada via de parto, destaca-se entre eles o processo doloroso do parto, o desrespeito à sua autonomia, o desinteresse do profissional pelo parto normal, e o próprio sistema de saúde. Ressalta-se a relevância do acesso ao pré-natal com ações voltadas para a reeducação dos profissionais de saúde, e das próprias pacientes que incentivem o parto humanizado, e que proporcionem uma decisão com total autonomia e segurança sem riscos para a mãe e o bebê.

Route of birth delivery preferred by mothers and their motivations

“…Childbirth care has changed considerably and physiological birth gave way to increasingly medicalized and interventionist care. 1,2 This medicalized process was initiated in the 19 th century and intensified in the 20 th century, a time when surgical deliveries became popular and were increasingly used to improve care and maternal and neonatal outcomes. Nonetheless, it is currently used to an excessive degree.…”

“…2 The biomedical model has contributed to a situation in which women have gradually lost their autonomy and their protagonist role at the time of birth, increasing asymmetry between professionals and patients. 3,1 One reflection of medicalization is the increased number of C-sections verified worldwide; it is the most common surgery performed among women. 4 Brazil presents one of the highest rates of C-sections, which represents a real epidemic.…”

Diagnósticos, resultados e intervenções de enfermagem no parto cesáreo

“…It should be noted that although the difference in quantitative terms does not seem so significant, the disproportion becomes relevant when considering the Cesarean delivery rate (number of deliveries in relation to the total number of deliveries in the same period) established by the World Organization Health Organization (WHO) in 15%. [8][9] It is emphasized that the cesarean section, when indicated, is essential for the health of the mother-fetus binomial; however, when performed indiscriminately, it poses a risk for both and may lead to serious complications.…”

“…It was recorded that the diagnosis Medo had a predominance of 100%. In one study, 9 it is elucidated that the process of parturition can trigger feelings in the woman that can influence from the choice of the type of delivery to her behavior towards motherhood. It is emphasized in the research that fear is characterized by feelings of threat, danger or anguish that may result from the lack of knowledge about motherhood and the changes that occur from this process, as well as situations in which the mother can feel alone.…”

“…It is emphasized in the research that fear is characterized by feelings of threat, danger or anguish that may result from the lack of knowledge about motherhood and the changes that occur from this process, as well as situations in which the mother can feel alone. 9 Fear is associated, at pre-delivery, with pain, which may influence the patient's behavior during delivery. Fear is potentiated in the puerperium because, in addition to the presence of pain, the woman is in adaptation to psychosocial changes, concerned with her state of health and the care of the child, which generates an anxiety characterized by agitation and perspiration.…”