Fatty acid analysis of wild ruminant tissues: evolutionary implications for reducing diet-related chronic disease

Should animal fats be back on the table? A critical review of the human health effects of animal fat

“…Bauman 1999; Pariza et al 2001). The richest source is ruminant milk fat (Parodi 1997), but CLA are found in all ruminant fat depots including substantial amounts in bone marrow (Cordain et al 2002b), a traditional source of food for pre-agricultural humans (Morin 2007). CLA is produced from both n-6 and n-3 PUFA, so animals on grain versus pasture do not produce less CLA, just the kind of CLA is altered.…”

Fish Oil Supplement Research Remains Murky

“…31 Mantzioris et al 1994;Brenna, 2002;Li et al, 2002;Francois et al, 2003;Burdge and Calder, 2005). Many studies also report a tendency for DHA to decline when ALA consumption is markedly increased (Burdge and Calder, 2005).…”

“…Feeding grain to animals in feedlots became common practice (Cordain et al, 2005). There are differences in the fatty acid composition of fat from feedlot cattle compared to pasture-fed cattle, and in the former the absolute amounts of SFA, MUFA and PUFA are higher, while the absolute amount of n-3 PUFA is lower (Cordain et al, 2002). Game meat has a lower absolute SFA content and a higher absolute n-3 PUFA content than either grain-fed or pasture-fed beef (Cordain et al, 2002).…”

“…There are differences in the fatty acid composition of fat from feedlot cattle compared to pasture-fed cattle, and in the former the absolute amounts of SFA, MUFA and PUFA are higher, while the absolute amount of n-3 PUFA is lower (Cordain et al, 2002). Game meat has a lower absolute SFA content and a higher absolute n-3 PUFA content than either grain-fed or pasture-fed beef (Cordain et al, 2002). Health concerns about the impact of total fat intake and the composition of dietary fat have resulted in efforts by the food industry to change meat quality (Scollan et al, 2006).…”

Human Health Effects of a Changing Global Nitrogen Cycle

“…Beef, pork, chicken, and turkey are all increasingly produced in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs), where the animals are fed intensely fertilized grain products (Mallin 2000). CAFOs lead to a cascade of environmental problems that can also have human health implications (Mallin 2000), and some evidence suggests that meat from CAFO-raised animals is less healthy than meat from animals raised in more traditional ways (Cordain et al 2002). The widespread and growing use of CAFOs in meat production would not be possible without relatively cheap and abundant N fertilizer.…”